CHARGES and FIELDS
11. ON ELECTRICAL and GRAVITATIONAL CHARGES
Drawing
"beads" we, while, designedly do not order speech about electric
charge, since the serious conclusions of the world outlook schedule are connected
to it. Looking on a constitution of an electron we can reach a conclusion, that
everyone the neutrino in an electron has a charge -0.5 (in units of a charge of
a mobile electron), and in a positron +0.5. On dissipation of electrons on
nucleons in matching with dissipation the neutrino on nucleons is possible to
make the concluding about a mean of a square of electric charge of dot charged
formations inside a nucleon. The outcome has appeared close to value 
, whence Z
0,527e
(Physics of a microcosmos, М., 1980, page 489). It indirectly confirms a charge a neutrino equal 0.5е in spite of the fact that the
experimenters were aimed to confirm existence of quarks inside nucleons with
charges 1/3e and 2/3e.
Naturally, what
"to give rise" one a neutrino it is impossible because of a principle
of conservation of moment of momentum and conservation law of a charge (more
precisely, common electro neutrality). As it is experimentally established,
that the neutrino has only left-screw helicity, and the antineutrino -
right-screw, that from the point of view of new physics, charge conservation
law as a matter of fact is to straight lines a consequent of a law of
conservation of angular momentum. "... experimentally were watched only
“left-screw”, or "left-hand" a neutrino. ...Each type the neutrino
has the antiparticle (antineutrino) with a leptonic charge, opposite on the
sign, and helicity". Physics of a microcosmos, "Soviet
encyclopedia", М.,
1980, page 272. Pursuant to it, two signs of electric charge are possible only:
for a "left-screw" matter - negative, and for a
"right-screw" matter - positive. The neutral matter does not exist.
In uncharged particles the electric charges simply indemnify each other. If
mass is result values of an angular momentum, the electric charge is result of
presence of an own angular momentum a neutrino, and its invariability - outcome
of operation of law of preservation of an angular momentum.
Therefore neutrino,
as electrons and the positrons can be born only pairs 
, i.e. photons.
Official physics does not know reasons of preservation of electric charge. The
concurrence by us of counted and classic radius of an electron allows to make
two relevant conclusions: at first, the energy imparted a neutrino leaves on
increase gravitational it behavior. Secondly, the neutrino represents
"bead" with surface arrangement of electric charge (since the
capacitance it is peer to radius). It allows finding radius a neutrino in an
electron similarly, how finding classic radius of an electron. The electrical
energy two separate not interacting a neutrino will make:
Еel=0.25e2/2
+0.25e2/2=0.25e2/
(11.1).
Gravitational energy
too two separate "not interacting" (the term is taken in an inverted commas
for the reason, that it is necessary mass such a neutrino to accept equal m0/2)
neutrino will be:
Еgr=m0C2/2+ m0C2/2=m0C2
(11.2).
Equating (11.1) and
(11.2), we shall discover:
=0.25e2/m0C2
(11.3),
i.e. diameter the
neutrino makes in an electron half of radius. The updated scheme of an electron
is figured on a figure 11.1.
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Thus, we come to a conclusion that mass a neutrino grows synchronously with increase of its energy. As a matter of fact it takes place by a jump at once on many orders, since we is not observed of intermediate states the neutrino between free and bound, for example, in an electron. "Intermediate" conditions we is observed in photons of miscellaneous frequency and will below be shown, that in them a charge the neutrino makes half of elementary charge. The full balance of matter and antimatter in the Universe results in full balance of electric charges. Now becomes understandable, for what to a neutron the electronic antineutrino is necessary. The electron connected with a proton, augments mass and charge, therefore for provision of an electro neutrality of a neutron this exuberant negative charge is necessary for it compensate by some positive charge an antineutrino. Thus the system gains a minimum of potential energy.
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All reasoning concerning electric charge is fair without dependence from
value of a mechanical moment a neutrino. For example, in a proton a mechanical
moment the muonic antineutrino makes 
/2, and
in a positron the electronic antineutrino has the moment in 137 times smaller,
but the electric charges of these particles are identical. Naturally, that the
gravitational charge of a bound particle depends on its mechanical moment in a
free condition, and the electric charge (as against a magnetic moment) does not
react to value of a mechanical moment, though a neutrino is formed by an own
mechanical moment. Addressing to section dedicated formation and constitution
of a solar System, we can draw a conclusion, by analogy, that the energy of
proper rotation an antineutrino in a positron is more those in a proton,
therefore in similar cases is necessary to allow and proper rotation the
neutrino. The free neutrino has vanishingly small mass (in matching with bound
neutrino), as though "germ" it and only bound neutrino, moving in
external the gravidynamic field saves electric charge without dependence from
parameters of this field and gains a gravitational charge depending on
parameters of a field. Concerning electric charge the author does not have
clear comprehension on that a level, as for a gravitational charge, besides
that it is connected to an own moment a neutrino and has value 0.5e.
With increase of absolute speed of a body the gravitational charge grows
pursuant to the formula of relativistic increase of mass. As a whole, the
problem of electric charge of particles requires additional research to receive
the so depleting answer to it, as it is made in remaining sections of this
book.
In conditions of
orbital motion in those particles, which one we esteemed, the gravidynamic
analog of force of the Lorentz Fgd acts to center of
rotation. The force of the Lorentz Fel for electric charge in
the same conditions does not depend on the sign of a charge and is directed
from center of rotation, but it is very small. This situation is imaged on a
figure 11.2.
To a gravitational charge it is impossible to apply concept of the sign
of a charge. It always of one sign and these charges are attracted to each
other. Therefore matter differs from an antimatter by sign of electric charge.
For matter it negative, and for an antimatter positive. They also can be
distinguished on gravidynamic interplay. At counter motion matter or antimatter
are attracted, and matter and antimatter - are repulsed. Magnetic and
gravidynamic interplay are directly opposite.
Magnetic interplay of driving electric charges:
Gravidynamic interplay of matter and antimatter:
In connection with set up becomes understandable, that the
statement of a question about mass of "rest" of particles is
incorrect. If we mentally shall stop a neutrino and antineutrino in any
particles, mass practically will vanish, i.e. neutrino will cease to exist, as
well as particle, formed by it (see collapse). Thus, gravitational and electric
charges are a consequent of motion a neutrino. Gravitational - at motion the
neutrino, as whole, and electrical, apparently, arises at proper rotation a
neutrino. In it the common essence gravitational and electric charge is
exhibited outwardly expressed in an identical kind of the formulas, depicting
interplay of charges, and internally presenting any common, while up to the end
not cognized a field substance.
Positive and the
negative charge is connected to a matter and antimatter, therefore there is no
neutral charge, and the value of electric charge is constant, since there can
not be a matter or antimatter "more" or "less", i.e. the
electric charge is not quantitative, and qualitative character of a matter.
Let's try to
calculate electrostatic interplay between a neutrino and antineutrino in a
long-wave photon, the sizes which one (as will be shown below) considerably
exceed the sizes of an electron; therefore the gravidynamic interplay can be
neglected. Simultaneously we shall demonstrate that a charge the neutrino makes
half of elementary charge, and we shall find out new connection between world
constants. Energy of attraction opposite charged neutrinos will be:
(11.4),
where Z -
charge a neutrino in units of elementary electric charge (e), r -
spacing interval between a neutrino and antineutrino (diameter of a photon).
Energy of universal repulsing for one a neutrino will be determined by the
formula (1.6). Thus, interaction energy a neutrino and antineutrino in a
photon:
(11.5),
where
(11.6)
S - angular momentum a neutrino in a
photon, c - speed of light.
Apparently, that the
function (11.5) has not an extremum, i.e. potential well in this case interplay
does not exist. At decreasing attractive force, radius of a photon is augmented
so long as the force of universal repulsing will not be diminished by the same
value and on the contrary. Therefore: Z2e2=Sc/2,
whence:
(11.7).
Substituting all
numeric values, we shall receive Z=1/2. By substituting this value in (11.7),
we shall discover connection between world constants:
(11.8).
For example,
substituting (11.6) in (11.8), we shall discover known expression for a fine
structure constant 
.
Thus, the
calculations demonstrate that for photons the interplay limits by an electrostatic
attraction a neutrino and antineutrino, and the gravidynamic interplay
practically misses. Because of absence of a potential well there is no
capability of originating of considerable bond energy. Therefore photon, as
well as the free neutrino can move only with speed of light since to transform
its kinetic energy into any diverse it is impossible in these conditions.
11.1. The theory of gravidynamic interplay
From matching a
Coulomb's law and law of universal gravitation, apparently, that the gravitational
charge is peer 
, where G - gravitational constant. If to equate a gravitational
charge to elementary electric charge, it is possible to find numerical value of
mass creating in space a power gravitational field with the same parameters, as
an electrostatic field of an elementary charge: 
, whence m=1.859×10-6 g. It is possible conditionally to consider the
obtained value as "elementary" mass, then the massive body inclusive N
of "elementary" masses creates the same force field, as N of
elementary electric charges.
Electrostatic
intensity
(11.1.1).
Accordingly, the
intensity of a gravitational field will be
(11.1.2).
At motion of electric
charge there is a magnetic field, the equipotential surface which has one the
form of a torus ring formed by rotation of a circumference in a plane,
perpendicular to a current of traffic of a charge. The magnetic intensity in
this case will be determined by the formula:
(11.1.3),
where 
- angle
between a current of traffic and given point of space, V - running speed
of a charge, C - speed of light (electrodynamics’ constant). From the formula
(11.1.3) it is visible, that the magnetic field is considerably more weak
electrostatic and is compared to it on power effect only at motion of electric
charge with speed, equal speed of light. In practice electric charges (for
example, in a conductor) moves slowly, but we easily fix originating a magnetic
field only at the expense of summation magnetic fields of huge quantity of
simultaneously driving charges while the electric charges inside a conductor
are balanced.
At motion of electric
charge in a magnetic field on it the force of the Lorentz acts:
(if V 
Bm)
(11.1.4).
At motion of a gravitational
charge arises a gravidynamic field, the equipotential surface which has one
precisely same form, as well as at motion of electric charge. For gravitational
charges the intensity of a gravidynamic field can be expressed by the formula
similar (11.1.3):
(11.1.5),
where K - a
gravidynamic factor dependent on a running speed, at V
0, KG,
at VC, KKc.
From (11.1.5) it is
visible, that the gravidynamic field at customary running speeds of bodies too
is considerably more weak gravitational. It is compared on force to a
gravitational field only at speeds close to speed of light, if K did not
depend on speed. It is increases together with relativistic increase of a
gravitational charge. Besides the gravidynamic factor K increases at
increase of a running speed sharply.
At motion of a
gravitational charge in the gravidynamic field on it acts gravidynamic analog
of force of the Lorentz:
(if V Bgd)
(11.1.6).
Generally running
speeds of a gravitational charge forms a gravidynamic field in (11.1.5) and
gravitational charges driving in a gravidynamic field (11.1.6) do not coincide
(it there can be even two miscellaneous charges).
It is known, that if
the electric charge is gone in a homogeneous magnetic field so, that the vector
of its speed makes an angle a with a direction of a magnetic
induction Bm, a trajectory of a charge is the screw line with
radius of coils Re and step 
. New physics has shown,
that all free bodies micro and macro world moves on a screw line with equal
translational and tangential velocity, therefore, the angle 
makes 450.
Any body micro or
macro world represents a rotated top, for which one the direction of rotation
axis in space remains invariable. Thus the absolutely precise coincidence of
vector of an own angular momentum with velocity vector of motion of a charge as
a whole is impossible. Thus, the motion of charges on a screw line is
necessarily. The calculations demonstrate that for microparticles it is
impossible to ensure observed parameters of a screw trajectory at the expense
of a magnetic field, since it too weak. Macrobodies have not dominating
electric charge - are neutral, therefore even at presence of an own magnetic
field, they can not move on a screw line. As will be shown below, to ensure
screw motion of any free bodies can only a gravidynamic field.
Radius of a screw
line we shall discover from a condition of equaling of gravidynamic force of
the Lorentz and centrifugal force. In the formula (11.1.6) we shall take into
account, that V - forward speed of a body (it is peer to a tangential
velocity, perpendicular Bgd). In the formula (11.1.5) V
- circumferential rotary speed of a body (we shall designate Vp),
r - radius of a body. In view of these arrangements, (11.1.5) we shall
substitute in (11.1.6) and we shall discover gravidynamic analog of force of
the Lorentz:
(11.1.7).
Equating (11.1.7)
centrifugal force mV2/R, we shall discover radius of a
circular helix:
(11.1.8).
By multiplying both parts (11.1.8)
on mV and allowing, that mVR=S values a constant (angular
momentum of a body on a screw trajectory or on orbit, when it is captured), and
Vp=2
×rn, where n - rotational frequency (sec-1),
we shall discover expression for of a gravidynamic factor for a macroworld:
(11.1.9).
Apparently, that from definition of an
angular momentum it is possible to record:
R=S/mV
(11.1.10).
By multiplying
(11.1.10) on 2, we shall discover a wavelength de Broglie
for a space body. On physical sense the obtained expression will not differ
from a de Broglie formula for microparticles. Apparently, that (11.1.10) will
be fair and for space objects with high speed of movement in space. Here it is
necessary to pay attention the reader to one more endorsement of a commonality
micro and macroworld.
For a microcosmos the
speed of rotation of components elementary particles is peer to speed of light,
therefore in (11.1.8) Vp=C, K=Kc
and the formula (11.1.8) puts on:
(11.1.11).
To find relation Kc
to a running speed of a microparticle, we shall take into account, that 
- angular momentum of a
microparticle (new physics has shown, that the spin of an electron also is peer
, instead of half of this value, as official physics considers). After
some transformations, we shall discover:
(10.1.12).
Similarly to macroworld, from
definition of an angular momentum of a particle it is possible to record:
(10.1.13).
By multiplying (11.1.13) on 2, we
shall discover a wavelength de Broglie for microparticles:
(10.1.14),
where h - constant of the
Planck.
In (11.1.14) it is
necessary always to mean, that in a denominator it is possible to substitute
miscellaneous masses of particles only thus indispensable a condition, that the
moments them on a screw trajectory are identical. In this respect official
physics does an inexcusable error, substituting in (11.1.14) masses macrobodies
and draw a conclusion that they have not "wave" properties. Besides
(11.1.14) for macrobodies is not suit at all, and it is necessary to use the formula
(11.1.10), multiplied on 2.
For a microcosmos,
where components of elementary particles moves with speed of light, and the
intensity of a gravidynamic field has huge value (it causes "strong"
interplay), the formula (11.1.6) with the registration (11.1.5) puts on:
(11.1.15).
Instead of K
in (11.1.15) there is a gravidynamic constant Kc (at V=C,
K=Kс), since at relativistic velocities the gravidynamic charge 
on many orders is more than a
gravitational charge .
The value by a
gravidynamic constant Kc can be found from an equilibrium
condition of forces for a neutrino which is forms an electron. Apparently, that
the centrifugal force which is operational on a neutrino, mass which one twice
is less than electronic mass 
, where re - radius of an
electron, should be peer to gravidynamic attractive force two oncoming driving
a neutrino and minus the force of a coulomb repulsion. The force of
gravidynamic attraction from (11.1.15) is peer:
(11.1.16).
Force of a coulomb repulsion (charge
the neutrino is peer to half of elementary charge):
(11.1.17),
and the force of magnetic repulsing
at speed of light has the same value. Allowing above-stated:
(11.1.18).
By substituting in (11.1.18)
numerical values of constants, we shall discover Kc = 2.783×1036. Thus, a
gravidynamic factor in these conditions in 4.17×1043 times more by gravitational
constant.
Under the literary
data it is known, that nuclear forces approximately in 100 times more
electrostatic forces. In our case this ratio will be significant less, since
masses a neutrino in an electron small, therefore, the gravidynamic interplay
is insignificant.
Let's discover bond energy a
neutrino in an electron, which one is peer to the algebraic sum of energy of
universal repulsing and energy of attraction:
(11.1.19).
Substituting numerical values of
constants, we shall discover Etie=8.197×10-7 ergs = 0.511 MeV. In this case Еtie is peer to energy of formation of
an electron E=mC2. Substituting this expression (with a
converse sign, since it is negative energy applicable to a depth of potential
wells for a neutrino) in the left-hand part (11.1.19), it is possible to find
other expression for a gravidynamic constant:
(11.1.20).
Equating (11.1.18) and (11.1.20), we
shall discover expression for classic radius of an electron:
(11.1.21),
which one
demonstrates, that all above-stated calculations and reasoning are valid.
In conclusion of this
section some useful conclusions for the explorers of torsion fields and
organizations, bound with start of artificial satellites.
For obtaining enough
powerful of a gravidynamic field in laboratory conditions are indispensable the
very much high speeds of rotation of rather massive bodies. It strongly
embarrasses measurement of gravidynamic interplay between them, and interplay
is on the verge of sensitivity of devices. Usage of gravidynamic induction is
more perspective. The light paper barrel is hanged on a lengthy thin thread and
is concluded in a glass tube for preventing influencing of airflows. Inside the
barrel one more glass tube. In it untwists the massive barrel and fast moves
inside of the paper barrel. At the expense of self-induction the paper barrel
will be turned on some angle, proportional induced "electromotive
force":
(11.1.22),
where m - mass
of the displaced barrel, S, l - its sectional area and length, a
- the acceleration with which one is gone the massive barrel.
The evolution of satellite
orbits takes place precisely the same as remaining bodies of a solar System. If
the satellite is gone in a direction of rotation of the Earth, its orbital the
gravidynamic moment interacts with the gravidynamic moment of the Earth. In
outcome the additional force, directional to the Earth acts on a satellite, and
the orbital plane aims at an equatorial plane of the Earth. If the satellite is
gone against a direction of rotation of the Earth, the additional force,
directional from the Earth acts on it, and the orbital plane aims to be
inverted on 1800. If the satellite is gyrated in a direction of the
motion, these effects are considerably increased.
11.2. The fields and interplay of charges
I shall remind that
new physics distinguishes four kinds of fields: gravitational, gravidynamic,
electrostatic and magnetic.
Concerning
electromagnetic radiation, which one the orthodoxes call as an electromagnetic
field it is necessary to state following. Official physics does an error,
considering, that the electromagnetic radiation takes place at positive and
negative acceleration of electric charges. If it was so, the oscillations of
definite frequency in a loop would beam in space of electromagnetic waves of
the doubled frequency, since for one oscillation of charged particles tests
doubly acceleration and doubly deceleration. Therefore radiation takes place
only at deceleration a charge. New physics considers that an electromagnetic
field does not exist. That call as an electromagnetic field, there is a flow of
photons, to which one the theory of the Maxwell has not relation.
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Apparently, that all fields take an infinite volume of space therefore can have
not neither mass, nor energy. As the field intensity is inversely proportional
to a square of spacing interval from the carrier of a field (charge), and the
volume of a field is proportional to a cube of spacing interval from the
carrier of a field, at any small mass or energy of a voxel of a field, its
total mass or the energy will be infinite, that is dispossessed of physical
sense. That the field has not mass, it is diffused in space with indefinitely
by a high speed, and therefore interplay through a field takes place
instantaneously. The fields do not interact in any way among themselves; a
principle of superposition of fields therefore is abided. The field around of
each charge absolutely hardly also can not by any image be distorted. That we
are observed, as the field distortion, is outcome of summary operating of
several charges. The fields are only intermediator of interplays and act not
against each other, but only on the applicable carrier of a field. Own
electrical and gravitational field do not act in any way on the carrier of a
field because of their symmetry. Magnetic and a gravidynamic field can act on
the own carrier of a field, allowing the final sizes of any elementary charge,
causing, for example, deviation from rectilinear motion, but this operating
permanently in time and not bonded with energy consumption. Thus, the behavior
of each carrier of a field can be changed only by other carrier of a field.
Thus the power condition of both carriers of a field changes as a result of
potential interplay. To demonstrate interplay of charges through a field it is
possible by following figurative matching. Imagine that for you in arms lengthy
weightless and absolutely rigid stick, for other end by which one keeps your
friend from a distant galaxy. You can instantaneously push the friend or to
attract him to yourselves.
Here opportunely to
result some answers to orthodoxes stating, that the running speed can not
exceed speeds of light. In quality of "evidence" indicate violation
of a principle of causality and result a following example. If we shall move
faster than light, we shall catch up with those photons, which one have
abandoned the Earth week, month, year back. Thus we shall watch at first
consequent of some phenomenon, and then its reason. But let's at first to move
much more speed of light, and then we shall stay. Photons, which one we have
passed, will demonstrate us exact causal connection of past events. It is
better to consider a simpler and convincing example of a principle of causality
and running speed, which one among themselves are not connected in any way.
Let's throw in the river a log with a title "reason" and a bit later
log with a title "consequent". If to float after logs, at first we
shall catch up "consequent", and then "reason". But if pass
along on a bank of the river and to wait for comings logs, at first we shall
meet "reason", and then "consequent". From these examples
it is visible, that "evidence" of orthodoxes demonstrates only
absence the logic for them. Official physics agrees that the point of
intersection of two rules with a small angle between them (scissors) can be
roamed faster than light. Simultaneously asserted that the transmission of a
signal with superlight speed is impossible. In point "А" it is possible to manipulate
scissors, the ends which one in point "В" fences a light beam. The point of
intersection will transmit from "А" in "В" any information. These
examples once again demonstrate that the relativity theory cannot be trusted.
The numerous
experiment data testify that at any interplays electrical and magnetic field
aim at attenuation, and gravitational and gravidynamic - to amplification.
Outwardly it is exhibited that is of the same name charged carriers electrical
and the magnetic fields are repulsed, and unlike charged - are attracted. For
example, the magnetic interplay of two conductors with an electric current in
one direction results in their attraction, since between them the magnetic
fields are directed to the counter sides and compensate each other. If the
current flows in opposite directions, the conductors are repulsed, since
between them the magnetic field is directed to one side and is
summarized. The gravitational charges are always attracted, that results
in amplification of a gravitational field. The opposite driving masses in
elementary particles also are attracted at the expense of amplification of a
gravidynamic field between them. Becomes understandable, why the gravitational
charges of one sign, and electrical has two opposite signs. Only under such
condition the implementation of attenuation of an electrical field is possible
at interplay.
Set up visually is
illustrated on a figure 11.2.1, where are figured the potential curves
(repulsing) of interplay is of the same name of charged electric charges, like
magnetic poles and carriers of a gravidynamic field driving in one direction.
Curves (attraction) of interplay of unlike electric charges, unlike magnetic
poles, gravitational charges and carriers of a gravidynamic field driving in
opposite directions. The branches of curves do not leave in infinite values of
potential energy because of the final size of charges and originating of the
new factors precluding approach of charges.
Let's put some
quotations illustrating notions of official physics of the comparatively field
form of a matter.
"The fixed
charge q is inextricably related with an electrical field in space,
ambient it. The electrical field represents the special kind of a matter and is
the material carrier of interplay between charges even in case of absence of
substance between them". N.I. Kariakin etc., Brief reference book on
physics, "
"...the energy
is dispersed on all volume held by a field, instead of is localized in an
charged body. Thus, this energy has the electrical field as one of kinds of a
matter". Ibidem, page 196.
The driving electric
charge creates around of itself a magnetic field. New physics completely
advocates a hypothesis of Ampere, that the development of magnetic properties for
neutral macroscopic bodies (magnets) is explained by presence in these bodies
of self-contained microscopical electric currents, only updating it in the
respect that permanent magnets can be only substances inclusive in the
structure atoms with quasicircular orbits of electrons (see a constitution of
atoms). Orthodox physics considers electrostatic and magnetic field as the same
"electromagnetic" field, supposing, that the magnetic field is a
"relativistic" addition to an electrostatic field pursuant to a
special relativity theory of the А. Einstein (SRT). Here is how J. Orir in the book "Popular
physics" ("World", М., 1969, page 235) explains interplay between a conductor with a current
and electric charge, driving in parallel to a conductor: "According to a
Coulomb's law resultant electrostatic force which is operational on a charge...
should turn to zero point irrespective of, moves conduction electrons in a
conductor whether or not. If, however, we shall take advantage of a relativity
theory, mean spacing interval between conduction electrons at their motion
is reduced to the Lorentz factor, i.e. in 
times, where v - drift velocity of
these electrons. In outcome the density of charge of conduction electrons will
be increased according to a relativity theory in 
times; at the same time density of charge
of positively ionized atoms occupying a locked position, remains same.
Therefore, the resulting charge will not be peer any more to zero point".
Such "explanation" does not maintain a critic on following points.
1. Though new physics
clean disclaims SRT, of what the reader can be convinced later, here,
naturally, it is necessary to start with this theory. Agrees to it, the sizes
of driving bodies are reduced in a current of traffic, but just the sizes of
bodies, instead of interspaces between them are reduced. The reduction of
interspaces between bodies (see pointed out) is a "creative"
development SRT, resulting in to uttermost nonsense. This conclusion
contradicts the idea of relativity, since has not value, whether moves of a
particle concerning "space" or "space" concerning them.
2. If the density of
charge of electrons is augmented, additional electrons whence arises? You see
about relativistic change of value of an elementary charge SRT hold back.
3. If the charge is
immobile concerning a conductor with a current, the interplay misses, though
after the logic of orthodoxes the electrostatic interplay should be watched,
since the conductor "was charged".
4. If instead of a
conductor with a current we shall make convective carry of an electrified body,
magnetic interplay we shall watch experimentally (in 1901 A.A. Einhenwald has
shown, that the magnetic field of a convection current coincides a magnetic
field of a current of the same value in a conductor), and on above to the set
up orthodox views the interplay should miss, since at convective carry the
drift velocity of electrons in accuracy is peer to a drift velocity of positive
charges in points of lattice. Therefore "relativistic" additive to
positive and negative charge is identical.
5. Is apparent, that
"the relativistic additive" to a Coulomb's law in a metallic
conductor can be only as increase of negative "charge" without
dependence from a current of traffic of electrons (direction of a current in
it), though the experiment demonstrates a veering of a magnetic field of a
conductor with a current on opposite.
6. Speed of heat
motion of electrons in a conductor, as a minimum, in 106 times more
drift speed under operating of an electrical field, therefore
"interspaces" between electrons already strongly "are
abbreviated" also chunk of metal should spontaneously be charged by a
large negative charge, that contradicts experiment.
Behind a sinus of
orthodox physics is hidden and completely other notion of a
"electromagnetic" field as a field of virtual photons, which one the
interacting bodies interchange. Here we shall not criticize this even more
absurd notion, as such of a critic is scattered under the book.
Allowing, that in a
macro scale we can watch objects, for which one, for example, the gravitational
field considerably dominates above electrical, and magnetic - above
gravidynamic and on the contrary, there is a sense to section them and to
esteem separately four kinds of a field. The analysis of all body of the known
physical laws results in a conclusion, that all four kinds of a field interact with
carriers of a field so that to ensure minimum potential energy of a system of
carriers of a field as a whole. Also consists of it sense of a long-range
action realizing a minimum of potential energy of carriers of a field of each
kind though the mechanism of implementation remains vague.
Let's consider the problem on
interference of miscellaneous kinds of fields. Apparently, that the electrical
field does not interact in any way with magnetic, and gravitational - with
gravidynamic. Otherwise we could watch self-acceleration or self-deceleration
in motion gravitational and electric charges in an inconsistency with an energy
conservation law. Similarly, the gravitational field in any way should not
interact with magnetic, and electrical - with gravidynamic. On this basis the
statement of the Maxwell, that by a source of originating of a vortical
magnetic field is a displacement current - variable electrical field and, back,
that the variable magnetic field creates a vortical electrical field it is
impossible to recognize fair with all flowing out from here consequences. We
once again can be convinced that obsequious of mathematics is prostitute of
science and gives not objective outcomes and that from it want. The truth,
Maxwell is possible to understand, for him was not under an arm of a
gravidynamic field, and light should as move in space. If he was right,
uniformly and the rectilinearly driving electric charge on him the theories
should beam electromagnetic waves, since such charge in each point of space
creates a variable magnetic field, i.e. all electric charges should lose energy
and to be stopped. We easily fix originating a magnetic field at convective
carry of an electrified body, but not we discover thus electromagnetic
radiation - this simple experiment disclaims the suppositions of the Maxwell
about the mechanism of formation of electromagnetic waves. There is one more
weighty argument in an inaccuracy of the theory of the Maxwell: from matching
properties of a photon with other particles is apparent, that the reason of
waves of the de Broglie and electromagnetic waves of the Maxwell same and has
not relation to the most electromagnetic theory. As endorsement of initial
notions of the Maxwell and the validities of the electromagnetic theory frequently
indicate presence of synchrotron emission by activity of particles
accelerators. Here we, ostensibly, is observed radiation from electric charges
moved on a circumference. However synchrotron emission confirms only that
circumstance, that the accelerator is fine model of an excited atom (see theory
of hydrogen-like atoms). At impart to the charged particle of exuberant energy
it can not move strictly on a circumference, though its trajectory and
introduces an ellipse with a very small eccentricity. Therefore synchrotron
emission has not relation to a considered problem (see
chapter 11.5).
Interplay electrical with a
gravitational field and magnetic with gravidynamic the energy conservation law
resolves. Nay, in substantial objects these fields are inextricably related,
therefore we can imagine increase of intensity of an electrical field at the
expense of decreasing gravitational and magnetic at the expense gravidynamic in
a loop system, i.e. they mutually loosen each other. However interplays
electrical and gravitational field, while, nobody watched, though it is enough
of such capabilities. The change of an electrical field at the expense of
gravitational would upset a principle of common electro neutrality. There is a
capability of interplay magnetic and of a gravidynamic field, which one could
be realized in so-called "electromagnetic waves", if the photon did
not make Maxwell equations redundant. In this connection opportunely to
recollect a hypothesis of existence of magnetic monopoles. It has arisen not so
much under the requirements the physical logic, how many mathematical: that the
Maxwell equations become symmetrical. If to take into account a gravidynamic
field, these equations will become really symmetrical, simultaneously
contenting the physical logic and depriving a hypothesis about magnetic
monopoles of any fundamentals. "A magnetic monopole - the hypothetical
magnetic charge - was forecast by the Dirac in 1931. The magnetic charge 
of
a monopole should obey to a following condition of quantizing: е = n(c/2), where n - integer, е - elementary electric charge. The models of
Great Association contain as the solutions magnetic monopoles. Their rest-mass
1016-1017 GeV/с2. The magnetic monopoles could arise in the
Universe at the moment of Big Bang". Subatomic physics. Publishing house
the
In the same section it is be
worth-while to consider a problem of a long-range action and short-range interaction.
The modern physics negates a long-range action, i.e. interplay of bodies apart
without the intermediator between them. Such statement cannot something oppose,
for the intermediator, apparently, is indispensable. Following convictions
mechanicians of past centuries, that at interplay something about something
should necessarily "to bob" (short-range interaction), the quantum
physics even interplay by means of a field reduces to "knocking" of
particles - carriers of a field (field quantum). So, the electrostatic
interplay is represented by carry of photons, and gravitational - not detected
till now gravitons. Thus, orthodox physics reduces all interplays to a
short-range interaction, though the mechanism of a short-range interaction for
it remains vague.
From the point of view of new
physics, the fields can not contain any particles in quality "of carriers
of a field". Any particles should have mass distinct from zero; therefore
their rate of propagation can not exceed speed of light. However, the propagation
of fields takes place to speed, is significant superior speed of light,
otherwise there is a problem of "retarded potential". For example,
because of "retarded potential" the existence of planets would become
impossible. The sun "sees" a planet not in its true position, and it
is a little behind on orbit because of terminal velocity of propagation of a
gravitational field, therefore attractive force to the Sun and centrifugal
force applied strict on center of a planet will forms torque in the party
opposite to orbital motion and proper rotation of a planet. This moment by
nothing is indemnified and should result at the end in a gap of a planet under
operating of centrifugal forces. Precisely same reasoning is fair and for an
electrostatic field at motion of an electron around of a nucleus.
Apparently, that the
interplay by "contact" in the nature is not watched anywhere. Even
shock the each other of billiard balls as a matter of fact demonstrates a
long-range action through a field by repulsing of electronic shells of atoms of
these balls. Especially it is fair for "field quantum". New physics
asserts, that substance does not exist at all in the nature and that we imply
it, actually is combination of four kinds of fields, any of which one represents
the substance, spread in space, without "of carriers of a field" as
any particles, therefore speed of its propagation does not limit by speed of
light.
If under a field to understand such
spread substance, which is absent mass and electric charge, a particle will be
a certain vortex of this field, qualitatively its other form, in which one
appears gravitational and electric charge localized as "particle".
The relativity theory asserts that the running speed of any objects
including fields can not exceed speed of light. The P.S. Laplace in 1787 has
shown, that for explanation of a reason of century acceleration of moon it is
necessary to suppose, what rate of propagation of a gravitation not less than
in 5×107
times are surpassed speed of light. New physics updates the statement of a
relativity theory in the respect that the objects not having mass are exception
(gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic and a gravidynamic fields) and can be
displaced with indefinitely high speed. Let's demonstrate it on an
example of a gravitational field.
Let's presume, that the gravitational field is diffused with speed of
light, but carriers of this field (massive bodies) moves with smaller speed.
This situation is shown on a figure 11.2.1.1, where the Earth is conditionally
shown by a green circle. From a figure it is well visible, that «ahead» of the
Earth all bodies are in a field with under gravity potential, and «behind» -
with heightened.
Ahead of a driving body the gravitational field is slightly oblate in
matching with by inverse direction. It is shown a position of conditional front
of a field in miscellaneous instants. Let's measure acceleration of gravity on
a surface of the Earth. Apparently, that while the field is diffused from new
instantaneous center of a gravitation up to a surface of the Earth to spacing
interval R:
R=C×t
(11.2.1.1)
the center of gravity of the Earth will be moved in a current of traffic
of the Earth on spacing interval 
R:
R=V×t
(11.2.1.2),
where V - orbital velocity of the Earth. From (11.2.1.1) and (11.2.1.2) let's discover:
(11.2.1.3).
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By substituting particular values of constants in
(11.2.1.3) let's discover, that R = 638 m.
The acceleration of gravity g expresses by the formula:
(11.2.1.4),
where: G - gravitational constant, M - mass of the Earth, R
- its radius. If we shall measure acceleration of gravity within day, in the moment,
when we shall be on a line of motion of the Earth «ahead» of it, we shall
receive smaller value of acceleration of gravity, since in this case we closer
to center of a gravitation. When the Earth will be turned half-turn, from the
same reasons we shall receive the bigger value of acceleration of gravity.
By making the applicable calculations, we shall discover that the
acceleration of gravity within day should vary on 0.392 cm/sec2.
Between that the measurements with much more accuracy (about 10-8 g)
do not demonstrate variations of acceleration of gravity that contradicts both
Einstein's relativity theories. If the gravitational field is diffused
instantaneously, as the Newton supposed, the form it will be always centrally
symmetric concerning the carrier of a field and does not depend on speed of a
source of a field.
The weighing of the man of weight 70 kgs on sunrise and on sunset will
show a difference in 27 g (force). The so sensing change of weight of bodies
within day will call catastrophic movement of air and water masses of the Earth
in the side of orbital motion. If to take into account, that the solar system
as a whole is gone in a Galaxy with speed of 250 kms/sec, the year variations
of weight of bodies on the Earth will be approximately in 10 times more.
Apparently, that anything similar is not actually watched. On the basis of
these calculations it is possible to draw a conclusion, that the speed of a
gravitation not less than in 106 times is exceeded speed of light.
Thus, both relativity theories appear error.
Comments of the author to chapter 11.2.1.
1. Whether the fabrication of the Einstein about
distorted space is necessary to us?
The Einstein in the general theory of relativity has exchanged a law of
universal gravitation of
11.2.2 Possible
mechanism of fields operating
The mechanism of fields operating to modern science is unknown. The
I shall remind the basic representations of new physics about fields.
1. It is the substance, spread in space which is not having mass and
energy, does not contain any particles, therefore is
diffused with indefinitely by a high speed.
2. The field absolutely hardly also can not be distorted by any factors.
The apparent distorting of fields is conditioned by their combined effect on a
trial charge or carrier of a field. Gravitational and electrostatic field have a
spherical symmetry. At the same time principle of superposition of fields
allows in the same point of space to coexist to different fields of infinite
number of charges - carriers of a field.
Similarly, how the wave-corpuscle dualism of particles is represented
completely not clear and contradictory, will not learn yet its true essence,
and the different conceivable scripts of interplay of fields and charges
continually come across irresolvable inconsistencies. I tender on court of the
reader the not contradictory mechanism of fields operating, though at first
sight it and seems improbable.
The like electric charges are repulsed from each other, therefore, the
minimum of potential energy them is on indefinitely large spacing interval from
each other, since any system aims at a minimum of potential energy. The unlike
electric charges and gravitational charges are attracted to each other,
therefore minimum of potential energy for them corresponds minimumly to
possible spacing interval. Let's suspect, that the own electrostatic field of a
charge aims to take away it in the miscellaneous parties, but because of a
symmetry of a field the net force is peer to zero point. If somewhere there is
a like electric charge, the operating of a proper field becomes not symmetrical,
as shown in a figure 11.2.2.1.
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On a figure 11.2.2.1: 1 – concerned electric charge,
2 - distant like electric charge, 3 – test like charge. In area A the
distant charge 2 a little loosens a field of a charge 1 (in inverse proportion
to a square of spacing interval), and in area B in the same degree
increases a field of a charge 1. Therefore under operating of an proper field
the charge 1 will leave from a charge 2 so that the potential energy of these
charges decreased. The same reasoning are fair and concerning a charge 2.
Without partner on interplay (charge 2) the considered charge is not displaced
anywhere, and at presence of partner the potential energy of their interplay is
transformed in kinetic.
Let's consider interplay of unlike electric charges, introduced on
a figure 11.2.2.2.
Now trial charge demonstrates, that the field was heightened (in inverse
proportion to a square of spacing interval up to a charge 1) in area A,
slightly loosened in area B. Therefore under operating of an proper field
the charge 1 will come nearer to a charge 2 so that the potential energy of
these charges has decreased. The same reasoning are fair and concerning a
charge 2.
The gravitational interaction to the similarly reviewed electrostatic
interplay with that only by difference, that a gravitational field of mass aims
from the miscellaneous parties to tighten a gravitational charge 1, but because
of a symmetry of a field the net force is peer to zero point. If somewhere
there is one more mass 2, the operating of an proper field becomes not
symmetrical, as shown in a figure 11.2.2.3.
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In outcome the own gravitational field of mass 1 in area B acts stronger
on gravitational charge and displaces it to the side of a charge 2 for
provision of a minimum of potential energy of charges 1 and 2.
For a magnetic field the principle of interplay with carriers of a field
is opposite to an electrostatic field and is similar to a gravitational field.
The magnetic field presses on the carrier of a field and aims to pop it in the
side of a more weak field that it to boost, if it becomes not symmetrical.
Magnetic and a gravidynamic field have center of symmetry but not are spheric
uncambered. In section along traffic route of the carrier of a field the form
of a field represents a figure formed by rotation of a circumference around of
tangent, conterminous with a motion trajectory, as shown in a top of a figure
11.2.2.4 therefore other carriers of a field basically act in a direction,
perpendicular motion.
Let's consider the mechanism of originating of force of the Lorentz at
motion of electric charge in a magnetic field figured on this figure. The
external magnetic field H is shown black arrows, the positive electric
charge is indicated by red colour, and negative - cyan. The current of traffic
of charges is shown in center of a charge a tail unit of an arrow (from us) or
spearhead of an arrow (to us), the direction of an own magnetic field is shown
in a circumference around of the applicable charge. The force direction of the
Lorentz is shown green arrows.
To the left of a charge № 1 proper field is reinforced by an external
field, and on the right external field H loosens operating an proper
field on a charge, therefore own magnetic field moves a charge to the right on
a figure. For a charge № 2 outcomes of interplay with an external field is
similar. To the left of a charge № 3 external fields loosen, and on the right -
boosts operating an own magnetic field on a charge, therefore it is gone to the
left. At opposite motion of a charge № 4 on similar reasons it should move to
the right under operating of force of the Lorentz.
Now we shall consider, that the external field H is switched off.
Then it is possible to consider interplay of own magnetic fields of driving
charges or conductors with a current of positive or negative electric charges.
From a figure 11.2.2.4 it is clear, that the driving charges (or conductors) №
1 and № 2 will be attracted because of mutual field reduction between them, the
charges № 1 (or № 2) and № 3 will be repulsed because of strengthening of a
field between them, the charges № 1 and № 4 are attracted because of mutual
field reduction between them, and the charges № 3 and № 4 are repulsed from
each other. Therefore conductors with one direction of a current of like
electric charges are attracted, and with an opposite direction are repulsed
from each other. For a current of unlike electric charges the outcome is
opposite.
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It is possible to take advantage by a figure 11.2.2.4
for the analysis of the mechanism of operating of a gravidynamic field. For this
purpose it is necessary to take into account, that the behavior of carriers of
a gravidynamic field is opposite to behavior of carriers of a gravitational
field and similarly to behavior of electrostatic charges, i.e. own the gravidynamic field attempts to displace the carrier in a
direction of more strong field. Let's consider, that the antimatter positively
is charged electrically (for example, the positron) and corresponds to
particles № 1 and № 2, and the matter bears negative electric charge (for example,
the electron) and corresponds to particles № 3 and № 4. As the gravidynamic interplay brightly is exhibited for components
of elementary particles, we shall reason on their example. The unidirectional
motion of particles of a matter or antimatter results in them to gravidynamic
repulsing from each other because of field reduction between them. For this
reason it is impossible very close to arrange, for example, nucleones. The
orthodoxes link this fact with «by a repulsing core» of nucleones. In elementary
particles the components commit orbital motion therefore close arranged on
orbit components homomatter move is unidirectional and can not be pulled
together, and the diametrically arranged components homomatter move counter and
if they the quoters of a matter or antimatter, between them there is such
attraction, to which one is not present equal in the nature (potentially by
more strong there can be only generalpurpose repulsing), for example, electron
(two neutrinos) or positron (two antineutrinos). Therefore such particles have
a rest-mass, since the components are in a deep potential well formed by
gravidynamic attraction and generalpurpose
repulsing. If the components of a particle introduce heteromatter, for example,
photon, consisting neutrino and antineutrino, the gravidynamic repulsing their
does not give them a capability to form a particle with a rest-mass. In this
case integrity of a photon provides an electrostatic attraction of unlike
charged components and magnetic attraction of counter currents of unlike
charges, which one, in conditions of motion of components with speed of light,
on force is equal to an electrostatic attraction.
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In connection with that the gravidynamic interplay is
similar to behavior of electric charges, and the magnetic interplay is similar
gravitational, it is possible to suspect, that the gravitational charges the
same as electrical have two miscellaneous signs, and as against last the like
charges are attracted, and unlike are repulsed. Let's take into account also
that the gravitational field aims to tighten a gravitational charge, that
results in moving it in the side of a more weak field, as was indicated above.
Our world on mass on 2/3 consists of an antimatter and is an anti-world (see
chapter 11.3), therefore matter in our world should follow to the law of
world-wide repulsing, instead of world-wide attraction, as an antimatter. It
can be tested by overseeing by an antineutron (it is a matter). In space by
interesting object for analysis of gravitational repulsing of a matter and the
antimatter are jet emissions of electrons (jets) from many space objects. The
electrons (matter) are repulsed at a gravitational interaction from a mother
space body (antimatter) and should move with positive acceleration, instead of
with deboosting, that would be watched at a gravitational attraction. Thus, the
antigravitation appears for us under a nose, as on 1/3 mass our world not only
antimatter, but also matter.
To illustrate a gravitational interaction of a matter
and antimatter we shall take advantage of figures 11.2.2.3 and 11.2.2.5.
On a figure 11.2.2.3 the gravitational interaction of two like
gravitational charges of an antimatter component on 2/3 basis of our world is
shown. If to take into account, that the proper field aims to tighten a
gravitational charge, it will move to the side of a proper field, seared by
distant mass, because of dominance of a strength of the influence of a field in
area B in matching with area A, i.e. the like masses are
attracted. On a figure 11.2.2.5 the gravitational interaction of two unlike
gravitational charges is shown, where a matter and its operating are shown cyan
colour. The same reasoning result in a conclusion about repulsing of a matter
and antimatter.
To not be confused in every possible cases of operating of fields, on a figure 11.2.2.6 operating an proper field on the carrier of a field and current of traffic of the carrier is shown in case of attenuation of a field on the one hand. 1 - gravitational field, 2 - a gravidynamic field, 3 - electrostatic field, 4 - magnetic field.
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Thus, all probable cases
of operating of different fields receive simple and logical explanation.
The figures 11.2.2.7 and 11.2.2.8 confirm a hypothesis that the electrostatic
field aims to extend electric charge and to tighten gravitational. Preclude
with this force of gravidynamic attraction and generalpurpose repulsing, which
one on a microlevel on many orders are stronger than any other forces in the
nature.
On a figure 11.2.2.7 the electrically charged hollow orb, and on a
figure 11.2.2.8 - massive hollow orb not having of electric charge are figured.
11.2.4. Commonality and differences of magnetic and gravidynamic field
The commonality of these fields is consist, that they arise at motion of
electrical or gravitational charge. But any of these charges in essence is not
in a state of rest, and is gone together with the Earth, Sun, Galaxy.
1. Magnetic field. There is a problem: whether the «fixed» electric charge
has a magnetic field and if has, why we discover it not by our devices? The
answer is very simple and is grounded on numerous experiments with a magnetic
field. That it is necessary sensor of the detector to find out, to displace it
concerning a magnetic field. If the movement misses, by any way to find out a
magnetic field it is impossible. At the same time the actual magnetic field
around of «fixed» electric charge can be of large value. If the absolute speed
of motion of a charge in space comes nearer to speed of light, the magnetic
density of this charge is compared to field intensity of the electric
charge. On a figure 11.2.4.1 the evidences of these statements are shown.
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The bogie 1 is gone with speed V. On it rest electric charge 2
and sensor of a magnetic field 3. The same sensor of a magnetic field 4 is arranged
fixed outside of a bogie. Apparently, that at motion of a bogie the sensor 3
does not fixes presence of a magnetic field, and the sensor 4 will show
originating a magnetic field at convective carry of electric charge. Apparently
also, that owing to a principle of superposition of fields of magnetic fields
of positive charges of matter are not indemnified by magnetic fields of
negative charges and exist separately from each other. However at attempts to
meter a magnetic field of a driving chunk of metal we shall make the error
concluding, that the common magnetic field positive and negative charges is
equal to zero point as a result of full compensation. Thus, we live in space by
saturated magnetic fields, but not we feel it. Similarly we not feel, for
example, our violent motion in space.
2. Gravidynamic field. Here it is possible to repeat a problem: whether the
«fixed» gravitational charge (some mass) has a gravidynamic field and if has,
how it to find out? The answer to this problem essentially differs from the
answer concerning a magnetic field. At the analysis it is necessary to mean a
feature of a gravidynamic field included, that at nearing speed of a
gravitational charge to speed of light the field intensity not only reaches
tension of a gravitational field of mass, but also on many orders exceeds it
and in this case is called as a strong interaction (in nuclear physics). Even
taking into account of speed of our Galaxy of the order of 600 kms/sec, which
one is even far from speed of light a gravidynamic field of the Earth and all
bodies, which one on it are insignificant. But at the same time in the chapters
dedicated fundamental particles is shown, that at counter motion of a matter or
antimatter they are attracted, and at parallel - are repulsed. Therefore, the
fixed subjects on the Earth should be repulsed from each other, since are
displaced in space by a parallel course. In this connection I address attention
of the reader to work of the Hungarian scientists (D. Sarkadi, L. Bodonyi. A
Gravity Experiment Between Commensurable Masses. Journal of Theoretics, vol.
3-6). These scientists have found out a minimum of a gravitation between
commensurable masses. Up to them the experiments were conducted with a massive
body to which one approximated a small body, since the equipment did not allow
to use a pair of massive bodies. From the orthodox point of view the outcomes
of these experiments contradict official views, but from the point of view of
new physics they confirm existence of a gravidynamic field and the repulsing
homomatter at parallel motion which one for comparable masses will be,
naturally, it is stronger.
11.2.5. Mass equivalent
of electrostatic and gravidynamic interplay
In physics widely use a mechanical equivalent of a heat with the help
which one easily to enumerate work in an equivalent quantity of heat or on the
contrary. Here we shall discover a mass equivalent of electrostatic and
gravidynamic interplay. Using it, it is easy to enumerate any electrostatic
interplay in equivalent interplay of some weights, which one results identical
outcome. The similar equivalent will be obtained and for of gravidynamic
interplay. The difference is, that the fixed gravitational charge a
gravidynamic field will not originates, and moving with speed of light creates
a gravidynamic field of maximum tension. Therefore mass equivalent of
gravidynamic interplay will change from zero point up maximum rating, which one
we shall discover.
Mass equivalent of electrostatic interplay.
The law of universal gravitation which was written to to a system CGS
for two identical weights m looks so:
(11.2.5.1),
where r - spacing interval between gravitational charges.
The law of the Coulomb who was written to to a system CGSE for two
elementary charges e looks similarly:
(11.2.5.2).
Equating (11.2.5.1) and (11.2.5.2), we shall discover:
(11.2.5.3),
whence mass equivalent of electrostatic interplay will be:
(11.2.5.4).
Substituting in (11.2.5.4) world constants, we shall receive numerical
value of an electrostatic mass equivalent:
m = 4.80294×10-10/2.5831×10-4 = 1.859×10-6
g
(11.2.5.5).
It is easy to define dimension of unit of a charge in a system CGSE,
from (11.2.5.3).
Mass equivalent of gravidynamic interplay.
As we do not know relation of tension of a gravidynamic field from a
running speed of a gravitational charge besides that it is not linear, we shall
consider screw motion of a mobile electron with radius of a screw trajectory to
equal radius of orbit of the Bohr. The components of an electron move with
speed of light, therefore create the greatest possible tension of a
gravidynamic field, which one and determines screw motion of an electron. Let's
presume now, that together with an electron on an axis of its screw trajectory
some dummy mass is moves, the charge for an electron is not present, is not
present of gravidynamic self-effect, and there is only gravitational interaction
between electronic mass and dummy mass. The described model is completely
similar to an epicyclic system, which one was formed as a result of
electron-capture by dummy mass, therefore here it is possible to use the theory
of capture of space bodies set up in chapter 21. Let's take advantage of
equations (21.4) and (21.5) this chapter and we shall play back them here.
Radius of steady orbit of an entrapped body r0:
(11.2.5.6),
where: =Vr - product of an orbital velocity
on radius of orbit, G - gravitational constant, M - dummy mass
(mass equivalent of gravidynamic interplay).
Bond energy of the formed epicyclic system in a stable state W0:
(11.2.5.7),
where me - electronic mass.
From (11.2.5.6) we shall discover dummy mass M, all constants are
known for us: radius of orbit of the Bohr 5.29173×10-9 cm, for
an electron 1.1576765 cm2/sec (chapter 5.1), G = 6.6726×10-8 dynes×cm2/g2.
By substituting these values in (11.2.5.6), we shall discover a mass equivalent
of gravidynamic interplay M:
M = 3.796×1015
g
(11.2.5.8).
Such huge value of mass gravidynamic equivalent (almost 4 billion of
tons) confirms, that to gravidynamic interplay is not present equal in the
nature. Ratio M/me = 3.796×1015/9.1086×10-28 = 0.417×1043, that
corresponds to the data of chapter 11.1. Thus, the gravidynamic interplay in 1043
times is stronger gravitational at motion with speed of light.
If all data, which one we have used in a task to substitute in
(11.2.5.7), we shall receive bond energy in accuracy equal ionization energy
of Hydrogenium atom 13.6 eV, as it was necessary to expect from
equivalence to a gravitation and gravidynamic.
If we attempt to exchange a positive proton in atom of Hydrogenium of
some dummy mass, we shall receive its value applicable (11.2.5.8), instead of
(11.2.5.5), that seems to strange. The exact explanation of an arising paradox
of mismatch gravidynamic and electrostatic mass equivalent for atom of
Hydrogenium is, that the product Vr = is determined
only by gravidynamic (for an electron, as shown earlier, Vr =
1.1576 cm2/sec), and particular radius of steady orbit is determined
also by attractive force (Coulomb or gravitational), operational on a body. As
a mechanical moment of an electron and positive proton identical, and mass of a
positive proton in 2000 times exceeds electronic mass, Vr for a positive
proton in as much time it is less. But the sizes of a positive proton are
comparable dimensioned of electron. Therefore it is possible to make a
preliminary conclusion, that Vr of bodies in inverse proportion to their
density.
The obtained conclusion is confirmed by a construction of a solar
System. The steady orbital motion of a space body will be realised only in the
event that its orbital velocity is determined from equalling of attractive
force to a central body of mass M and centrifugal effort:
(11.2.5.9).
Let's multiply both parts (11.2.5.9) on radius:
(11.2.5.10).
In chapter 20 is shown, that the radiuses of orbits of planets earth and
jupiter of group are in definite quantum condition:
r = r0×n2
(11.2.5.11),
where n - integer, r0 - minimum radius of orbit
at n = 1.
Let's substitute (11.2.5.11) in (11.2.5.10) and is divided both parts on
n:
(11.2.5.12).
The formula (11.2.5.12) allows to compare «standard» values Vr of
planets to their mean density, that is shown in table 11.2.5.1. The data are
taken from: E.N. Sluta etc. Comparative planetology, М., 1995, page 78-79.
Table 11.2.5.1.
|
Planet
|
Quantum condition |
Mean
orbital velocity V, сm/sec |
Mean
spacing interval from the Sun r, сm |
|
|
Density, g/сm3 |
|
Mercury |
3 |
47.89×105 |
57.9×1011 |
2.773×1019 |
0.924×1019 |
5.43 |
|
Venus |
4 |
35.05×105 |
108.2×1011 |
3,792×1019 |
0.948×1019 |
5.245 |
|
Earth |
5 |
29.79×105 |
149.6×1011 |
4.457×1019 |
0.891×1019 |
5.518 |
|
Mars |
6 |
24.13×105 |
227.9×1011 |
5.499×1019 |
0.916×1019 |
3.95 |
|
Jupiter |
2 |
13.06×105 |
778.3×1011 |
10.16×1019 |
5.082×1019 |
1.326 |
|
Saturn |
3 |
9.64×105 |
1427.0×1011 |
13.76×1019 |
4.585×1019 |
0.686 |
|
Uranus |
4 |
6.81×105 |
2869.6×1011 |
19.54×1019 |
4.885×1019 |
1.276 |
|
Neptune |
5 |
5.43×105 |
4496.6×1011 |
24.42×1019 |
4.883×1019 |
1.640 |
|
Pluto |
6 |
4.74×105 |
5900.0×1011 |
27.97×1019 |
4.661×1019 |
2.030 |
Mean density of terrestrial planets 5.036 g/сm3, average /n
0.92×1019
сm2/sec.
Mean density of jupiter planets 1.392 g/сm3, average /n
4.82×1019
сm2/sec.
Thus, at reduction density of bodies in 3.62 times the «standard» value /n
is augmented in 5.24 times, therefore for an electron, for which one mean
density of the order 1010 g/сm3 Vr is equal 1.1576
сm2/sec.
Commenting of the author to chapter 11.2.5: 1. The mass
equivalent allows easily to decide problems of a microcosmos, which one too
tough to orthodoxes.
Potential well of an electron. In chapter 21 the formula for counting
radius r0 of a minimum of a potential well of an entrapped body by a
central body of mass of M is given:
(1), where =Vr, G - gravitational constant.
Now we shall discover classic radius of an electron, using a mass equivalent of
gravidynamic interplay, equal 3,796× 1015 g,
which one we shall substitute in (1) instead of M (chapter 11.2.5). Let's take
into account also, that a neutrino in an electron moves with speed of light C,
therefore for this case =Cr0. Then the formula
(1) takes kind: 
(2). By
substituting in (2) numerical values, we shall discover, what radius of a
minimum of a potential well of gravidynamic interplay a neutrino in an electron
(radius of an electron) is peer to its classic radius 2,817× 10-13 cm.
Thus, usage of a mass equivalent allows better to understand the organization
of a microcosmos.
11.2.6. Energy creates
particles, the particles creates fields, and the fields creates interplay
Interconversion of mass and energy pursuant to the formula:
E = mc2
(1)
is the fundamental law of the nature and alone way of creation of a
material world. From (1) particle mass is peer:
m = E/c2
(2).
For example, if the electron of atom of Hydrogenium at once passes from
orbit Lyman in a ground state, the exuded energy 13.6 eV is transformed into a
photon, mass which one:
m = h
/c2
(3).
It is the most widespread way of creation of particles from energy. At
occluding a photon it, as the particle, fades and is transformed into energy.
Naturally, that for creation of heavier particles the large energy is
indispensable pursuant to (2).
Together with occurrence of a particle there are also four kinds of a
field: gravitational (carrier which one is mass), electrostatic (carrier -
electric charges of a particle). Here at once it is necessary to mark, that
neutral particles does not exist. That we consider as a neutral particle really
is structure with equal number of positive and negative electric charges
(photon, neutron, neutral meson etc.). The creation of magnetic and
gravidynamic field is a consequent of orbital motion of components of a
particle with speed of light. Here I address attention of the reader to an
appreciable error of official physics, which one considers, that at spacing
interval from a particle to equal zero point the electrical field, for example,
obtains infinite tensity, i.e. here there is «singularity». In the theory of
fundamental particles of new physics is shown, that all they inside empty, i.e.
inside particles a fields absent, as they absent inside a charged orb.
Therefore any «singularity» does not exist. Thus, any field is inseparable from
the material carrier of this field and interacts only with it. The carriers of
other kinds of fields also can interact only with an one-type field and do not
react at all to fields of other type. Any field represents of the special kind
the substance, spread in space, with density, inversely proportional to a
square of spacing interval from the carrier of a field. As the fields do not
consist of particles, they have not mass and energy, therefore are diffused
with indefinitely high speed. Besides in the given point of space can
simultaneous exist infinite number of fields one or miscellaneous types, not
hindering at all each other. It is the basis of a superposition of fields. To
this it is necessary to add, that any field can not be distorted somehow. That
you is observed, as the field distortion is a consequent of independent
influencing of two or several fields. Similarly, we can not assert, looking on
a parabolic trajectory of the thrown rock, that the gravitational field of the
Earth was somehow distorted. So-called «electromagnetic field», which one the
orthodoxes recalls at any friend case, from the point of view of new physics at
all can not be called as a field and at its best represents a flow of photons
if not to use imaginations about virtual particles. It is necessary to answer
last problem: how the fields creates interplay? The answer to this problem was
given in chapter 11.2.2 here again there is a sense it shortly to repeat on an
example electrostatic and gravitational field. The very simple mechanism of
originating of interplays is consist, that the proper field influences only the
carrier of the given field, augmenting or reducing near to its density of a
field. All kinds of interplays become clear if to presume, that the
electrostatic field aims to take away the carrier of this field in the
miscellaneous sides, and the gravitational field aims far and wide to tighten
the applicable carrier of a field. Because of symmetrical operating the charges
are not displaced anywhere, but if on the one hand density of a field will
appear less or more, than with another, the carrier of a field starts to move
to this or that side in full conformity with a law of universal gravitation or
Coulomb's law. Here it is necessary to point out, that any field is direct on
anything does not act, and influences only changing density of a field near to
its carrier.
Any kinds of energy ultimately are transformed into photons. Let's consider this
statement on an example micro- and macroworld.
In a microcosmos the gravitational interaction can be neglected,
therefore we shall take into account electrostatic interplay of an electron
with a nucleus of atom. If for any reasons the potential energy of this
interplay has decreased on some value, the atom beams a photon with energy
applicable this value. Herewith no object, as the electron or atom as a whole
is particularly arranged.
In a macroworld the gravitational interaction is essential. If the thing
will fall on a floor, its potential energy will turn at the end to heat. It
means, that in heat radiation of this thing appears plus photons common energy
which one in accuracy will is peer to potential energy of interplay of a thing
with the Earth before dip. The different not taken into account energy losses
in this process (air friction, deformation) also are transformed into photons
through heat radiation.
11.3. Whether the
antigravitation is possible?
All set up in the previous
chapter is logical with one exception. The symmetry of a world would be
satisfied, if the gravitational charges too had two opposite signs. Thus the
like gravitational charges are attracted pursuant to the set up principles, and
unlike will be repulsed. That concerns also carriers of a gravidynamic field.
For the answer on put in caption of the chapter the problem is necessary more
carefully to analyze a matter and antimatter. We have shown that our world
consists of equal number negatively charged neutrino (matter) and positively
charged antineutrino (antimatter). In outcome in the Universe the electric
charges indemnify each other. But equal quantity does not mean equal mass. Mass
of our world basically is determined by protons and neutrons, which one also
contain in the structure a proton. Mass of all remaining particles can be
neglected. The exception is made with photons consisting from equal on mass a
neutrino and an antineutrino; therefore they can be not esteemed.
Each proton contains
4 antineutrinos and 2 neutrinos, therefore our world on 2/3 is an anti-world on
mass, on its antipode it is fall only 1/3 all mass.
Some features of a constitution and the behaviors of elementary particles
described in this book, indicate that the gravidynamic interplay strongly links
a matter to a matter (electron) and antimatter with antimatter (positron) and
does not link almost matter to antimatter (photon). It speaks that, at least,
for carriers of a gravidynamic field the difference between a matter and antimatter
consists not only in opposite electric charges, but also in opposite
gravitational charges. The scientists have established that the thermal neutron
is gone in a gravitational field of the Earth in full conformity with the law
of world-wide attraction. If to manage the same experiment to put with an
antineutron or atom of antihydrogen, with a large confidence it is possible to
assert, that these particles will follow to the law of world-wide repulsing. It
would be possible for such experiment to use an antiproton and even an
electron, but it is impossible to be saved of external electrostatic fields
practically, and they act on 36 orders stronger than gravitation or
antigravitation. Whether it is possible on the basis of set up to assert, what
the antigravitation exists? It is very possible, what yes, exists, but it
cannot in the visible future practically be used for macrobodies.
It is possible, that the Nature will use an antigravitation for creation
of ultrarays with large energy. The jets of relativistic electrons as sprays
from many space objects are tracked on huge spacing intervals, that indirectly
confirms repulsing a matter (electrons) from an antimatter (mother object).
11.4. On stability of gravidynamic systems
It is necessary to
distinguish dynamic stability ("elementary" particles, atoms, space
systems) and static stability (nuclei of atoms, solids).
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Let's consider a gravidynamic system, introduced on a figure 11.4.1.
Indispensable
by attributes of such system is: а). Proper rotation of bodies 1 and 2 in the side of their orbital
motion. b). Presence angle of inclination a between
rotation axis of a body and perpendicular to orbital plane.
Idiosyncrasy of a
gravidynamic system is the brightly expressed anisotropy of strength in
miscellaneous directions. Really, earlier we were convinced what to shatter
this system compressing or expanding in a radial direction in orbital plane it
is impossible because of a deep potential well, in which one there are bodies 1
and 2. In a tangential direction the system also possesses stability that is
visible from following reasons. To similarly driving electric charge, the
induction of a gravidynamic field of a gravitational charge will be:
(11.4.1),
where: r - spacing
interval from a body 1 up to a body 2, V - orbital velocity. It is
uneasy to show, that at approach of bodies 1 and 2 on orbit, the formula is
fair:
r=2Rsin(V,r)
(11.4.2),
where: R -
radius of orbit. By substituting (11.4.2) in (11.4.1), we shall discover:
(11.4.3)
whence it is visible,
that the gravidynamic system is steady concerning approach of bodies 1 and 2
along orbit, since it should result in to decreasing of radius of orbit at the
expense of increase of gravidynamic analog of force of the Lorentz, but it
prohibits an energy conservation law, therefore approach of bodies on orbit
also is impossible, as well as their dispersion in orbital plane. At the same
time, at presence near to the third body driving outside of considered orbit,
small distorting of motion 1 or 2 bodies can result that sin(V,r) accepts
zero value and the gravidynamic interplay of these bodies will vanish. The
closer on orbit 1 and 2 bodies are arranged to each other, the smaller
disturbance can result in destruction of a system. Therefore is complex the
arranged elementary particles have a small life time. The third body moved in a
counter direction to a body 1 or 2 not only can distort a trajectory, but also
in general to intercept body 1 or 2 with destruction of an old system and
formation new, that is well visible on an example of a 
-meson (see of
fig. 9.2.2).
By consideration of the schemes of
"elementary" particles the following circumstance rushes in eyes. All
particles with composite orbits (having large and small orbits) are unstable,
and with simple orbit - are stable. Comparing a constitution of
"elementary" particles with their life time, we can see that the
above-stated reasoning is fair.
Except for of
gravidynamic analog of force of the Lorentz who is operational on each body,
driving in a field another, on each body prolongs to act and force of the
Lorentz (its gravidynamic analog), directional perpendicularly its rotation
axes, which one urged it in a free condition to move on a screw line. Though
last is minute in matching with first, nevertheless, it urges orbit to be
turned counter-clockwise around of an axis С-С (fig.11.4.1), that results in precession of an axis of orbit around of
an axis В-В and, accordingly, to precession of
rotation axes of bodies around of perpendiculars to orbital plane. These
precessional movements promote periodic originating of a favorable geometrical
situation for possible destruction of a system. The slope of a own rotating
axis of particles to an axis of orbit determines beforehand that fact, that at
destruction of a gravidynamic system consisting of two particles at their
dispersion in the counter sides lengthwise axis А-А (fig.11.4.1) one of them will move on a
right-screw line, and another on left-screw line. Such decay we can watch for a
photon, neutron, 
-mesons and other particles. Thus it is
necessary to note, that the stability of a gravidynamic system in a direction
of an axis А-А is significant less, than in a
radial direction in orbital plane, in spite of the fact that the well depth,
apparently, is identical. It is conditioned by that the gravidynamic field the
same as also magnetic has a mirror symmetry concerning a current of traffic and
along a trajectory the induction of a gravidynamic field is peer to zero point.
Therefore potential well in a direction of radius of orbit is rather wide and
considerably exceeds the sizes of particle components gravidynamic system, but
in a perpendicular direction, at the same depth of a pit, width it considerably
less and is comparable to the size of a particle.
Dynamically stable
systems of particles differ from statically steady on arrangement of energy
levels at impart to the system of exuberant energy. In dynamically stable
systems there is a capability to transfer in an exited state of a separate
member of a system for what to rather small energy; therefore energy levels are
inspissated closer to a ground state of a system (atoms, planetary systems). In
statically stable systems the excitation of a separate member is reallocated
between remaining members of a system, therefore to transfer in an exited state
it is possible only all system bodily. The considerable energy is indispensable
for this purpose; therefore energy levels are inspissated in process moving off
from a ground state (nuclei of atoms, solids).
11.5. Bremsstrahlung and magnito-bremsstrahlung
Official physics
considers, that the driving electric charge beams electromagnetic waves, both
at positive, and at negative acceleration. The writer insists that the
Bremsstrahlung is possible only, i.e. at negative acceleration of electric
charge. Let's consider the elementary case, when the electric charge moved
accelerated in an electrical field between points with a potential
E = eU
(11.5.1).
The experiment
confirms, that the energy of this charged particle is truely determined by the
formula (11.5.1). But on presentation of official physics the considered
particle at accelerated motion should beam energy as electromagnetic waves and
its final energy on a considered section will be:
E = eU
– Erad
(11.5.2),
Where Erad
- energy lost on radiation. Thus, the notions of officious in this problem
contradict experiment.
It is known, that in
linacs of particles of electromagnetic radiation it is few (Physics of a
microcosmos, М., 1980,
page 442). The minor radiation is connected not with accelerated moving
particle, and with oscillations it on motion trajectory, which it is impossible
to eliminate one completely.
As any particle is
gone on a screw line, a step of this screw line or circuit of cross section it
will be peer to a wavelength de Broglie:
(11.5.3).
In (11.5.3)
wavelength 
we shall express through frequency :
(11.5.4),
but in numerator
(11.5.4) there is a total energy of a particle E, presenting the sum of kinetic
energy of translational and tangential motion on a screw line:
E = h
(11.5.5).
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Thus, the formula (11.5.5) is fair not only for photons, but also for any
microparticles not relativistic, relativistic and ultra relativistic (if at a conclusion
(11.5.5) to deal with speed of light, and mass to imply, including relativistic
mass). If the charged particle with initial velocity V will receive
negative acceleration, it will lose energy on a Bremsstrahlung with an
ionization continuum. The maximum of this radiation is on frequency:
(11.5.6),
that coincides the
formula of official physics (B.M. Javorsky, A.A. Detlaf. The reference book on
physics, М., 1964, page
532). The formula (11.5.6) becomes understandable of a figure 11.5.1 linear
dependences of energy of a particle and frequency of the circulation on a screw
line. Pursuant to an energy conservation law the maximum frequency of a
Bremsstrahlung should be come on a point applicable to half of initial energy
of a particle. If this value to substitute in (11.5.5) that we shall receive
(11.5.6).
Now we shall consider
explicitly mechanism of originating cyclotron (nonrelativistic particles) and
synchrotron (relativistic particles) of radiation. The necessity for such
consideration has two reasons. At first, these radiations are extremely
relevant for a cosmology, since bear the unique information on processes
happening in a far space. Secondly, the reasons of originating of these
radiations not so are simple, as they are introduced to official science: the
electric charge, moving on a circumference, has a centripetal acceleration,
therefore beams electromagnetic waves. We just have shown, that at positive
acceleration the electric charge does not beam. Probably, that a centripetal
acceleration positive, therefore official explanations are not convincing.
By activity of
so-called cyclic accelerators of particle them urge by that or different way to
move on a circumference or on a spiral. Thus the intensive electromagnetic
radiation is watched. The frequency of this radiation basically is connected to
cyclical frequency of passing of accelerated particles with a charge q
by the spectator being reverse value of cycle time of a particle:
(11.5.7),
where Н - magnetic density, m -
particle mass, C - electrodynamic constant, equal speed of light for a
CGS system.
One reason of
radiation is obvious: the particles do not move strictly on the trajectory,
assigned by it, and oscillate about an equilibrium orbit and these oscillations
not harmonic. They are caused by different methods of phasing and focusing of
particles. Therefore we can watch a continuous spectrum of radiation, ruled
spectrum and obertone, aliquot base frequency of radiation. All these kinds of
radiation are connected to dipole radiation of accelerated particles by being
harmonic oscillators with a considerable fraction nonharmonic component. It is
connected that the cyclic accelerator represents huge model of atom of
Hydrogenium. Similarly, how in atom of Hydrogenium on any orbit the electron
commits not simple harmonic motions concerning a equilibrium orbit of the Bohr
(see chapter 13.3), in a cyclic accelerator the accelerated particles also
commit not simple harmonic motions concerning an equilibrium orbit, that is
accompanied by radiation both ionization continuum and close set spectral
lines.
The second reason is
connected to negative acceleration in a direction opposite to motion of any
charged particles, which one have component speed a perpendicular to magnetic
field. It is a generalpurpose reason. It causes a Bremsstrahlung at motion of a
particle in a magnetic field on any curvilinear trajectory. To understand
reasons of originating of this radiation we are converted to a figure 11.5.2.
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On a figure 11.5.2
induction of a magnetic field B is directed from us. The electron is
gone on a screw trajectory in a direction V. In the lower half-coil of a
trajectory on an electron the force of the Lorentz F2
accelerating its motion acts, and in the upper half-coil of a trajectory the
force F1 braking an electron acts. It also causes a
Bremsstrahlung. Both indicated forces have components, which one urge an electron
to revert of vector V clockwise, i.e. the general trajectory of an
electron in a magnetic field is curvilinear. The figure 11.5.2 demonstrates,
that the space magnetic fields can not accelerate particles. Besides in space
there is nobody to phase and to focalize a particles flux, as it is made in
accelerators. Therefore space radiation is furbished of secondary
electromagnetic radiations.
At motion of a
nonrelativistic particle the radiation is directed perpendicularly orbital
planes. At motion of a relativistic particle without dependence, how it is
directed at not relativistic velocities, the radiation is concentrated as a ray
in a current of traffic, backwards radiation misses. Besides as a result of
Doppler effect the radiated frequency is considerably increased. The details of
motion of beaming relativistic object are particularized in chapter 24.8. There
is shown, that the formula for Doppler effect of a special relativity theory
(SRT) is falsely and does not correspond to an energy conservation law.
Therefore all formulas of official physics should not contain a term 
= V/C.
Nevertheless, they contain this term and it very conveniently for scientific
gamble, since for a relativistic velocity of motion 
1
and in term of 1 - it is easy to receive any desirable
value at a slightest alteration of speed, and alteration of speed on such value
cannot be tested. Besides in chapter 5.2 is shown, that any formula SRT similar
formula (5.2.1) is completely unsuitable for relativistic velocities of motion.
It is easy to show,
that the negative acceleration under operating of force F1,
operable on a charged particle of the figure 11.5.2 in accuracy is equal to a
centripetal acceleration in the terms of official physics:
(11.5.8),
therefore there is no
necessity for a conclusion of all available formulas depicting cyclotron and
synchrotron emission. The alone remark concerns only to a term in
these formulas which have been set up above.
The electron on a
trajectory of an accelerator saves screw motion, at which one the forward speed
is peer to a tangential velocity, therefore speed on an orbit of a screw line
makes:
(11.5.9),
Сonstituent of force F1 resulting in to braking of a
particle:
(11.5.10).
On the other hand, F1
is force of the Lorentz:
(11.5.11),
and the force F0
causes pursuant to the second Newton's law negative acceleration:
(11.5.12).
By substituting in
(11.5.12) expressions (11.5.9), (11.5.10) and (11.5.11), we shall discover:
(11.5.13).
If in (11.5.8) to
substitute instead of r a radius of a circumference, on which one the
charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field with tension H is gone,
we shall receive (11.5.13). This example once again demonstrates, that in
science frequently it is possible to receive the same outcomes, outgoing from
opposite representations. Apparently, the Creator receives in such cases huge
pleasure, watching, as each of the opponents with passionately proves the
rightness.
In conclusion of this
chapter some remarks concerning a Cherenkov radiation.
On notions of new
physics the speed of light in matter with index of refraction n is
determined by a polarization track, which one arises from a charged neutrino
and antineutrino of a photon. For transparent mediums this polarization is completely
convertible, i.e. at deviation of electrons of matter from an equilibrium
position they have time to return to a reset state, returning a photon energy
which is expended on polarization. Environment having free or is loosely bound
electrons strongly occludes photons because of irreversible polarization. Thus,
environment itself determines a running speed in it of photons. If in
environment the charged particle with speed superior speed of photons this
environment will move, it guarantees, that the polarization caused by a charged
particle, certainly becomes irreversible - electrons have no time to return the
obtained energy and it appear in an exited state, since the particle «has
escaped» from them. Alone path to be saved of this exited state independently
to return to equilibrium state. This process is accompanied by radiation as
cone, on top which one there is a charged particle, moving faster photons.
11.5.1. Electromagnetic
radiation
The contents of this chapter does not correspond to its title in that
sense, as it is accepted by official physics. As is spoken in Russian saying:
«Fedot, yes not that».
Electrical and gravitational field have an infinite expansion, do not
comprise any energy and can not therefore it transmit. Differently there is a
power paradox similar to a photometric paradox for the infinite Universe.
Density of a field subsides in inverse proportion to a square of spacing
interval from a source of a field, and the area of a spherical layer is
directly proportional to a square of spacing interval from a source of a field,
i.e. total of energy in each layer permanently, and as quantity of layers is
indefinite, the general energy is indefinitely great, that is apparent physical
nonsense. Therefore, the field does not contain energy, therefore has not mass
and is diffused in vacuum with indefinitely by a high speed. Official physics
is erratic asserts, that the electrostatic field is a particular case of an
electromagnetic field. This aiming to change an electrostatic field electromagnetic
understandably - it is less irresolvable problems, though the mixing of
heterogeneous physical objects is inadmissible. Containers for energy can serve
only restricted in space of formation (for example, particles). In this sense
the photons are practically clean energy, since mass them is insignificant is
small, but it, nevertheless, limits speed of their motion to speed of light.
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The long-wave electromagnetic radiation (radio wave)
also represents a flow of photons and official physics it is forced to
recognize, even if there is no such desire. As is known, the theory of the
Maxwell of electromagnetic radiation ignores representation about photons. On
the Maxwell the electromagnetic wave represents orthogonally related transverse
vibrations electrical and magnetic field, as shown in a figure 11.5.1.1.
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At once there is such problem: how this surge to
present in space? Apparently, that the electromagnetic radiation is not diffused
as cords, similar figure 11.5.1.1. Otherwise space communication will become
impossible, since spacing interval between «cords» where there is no radiation
will become too large, as the wave amplitude is limited. Besides at interplay
of electromagnetic radiation with matter physically approve oneself only
electrical component, though under the theory of the Maxwell magnetic component
not less intensive. The physical reasons making to allot radiation from the
antenna by miscellaneous polarization planes which one consider conterminous
with as a plane of vibration of a magnetic field are vague also. Even reasons
of motion of an electromagnetic wave are not clear. Consider, that the variable
electrical field causes a variable magnetic field, which one, in turn, excites
an electrical field etc. Thus remains vague, why the electromagnetic field is
diffused in the given direction, instead of in what or another. From
experiments it is known, that the variable electrical field excites occurrence
of a variable magnetic field and on the contrary, but all similar experiments
were conducted with indispensable by participation of the intermediators as
charged particles. In a blank space «clean» electrical or the magnetic field is
not capable to create the opponent, that demonstrates absence of
electromagnetic waves which are radiated rectilinearly driving electric charge,
though in each point of space electrical and the magnetic field of this charge
continuously varies. Let, despite of the pronounced oppositions, the
electromagnetic wave by any wonderful image all the same is moves in space. The
leading crest of a wave on the logic of the theory of the Maxwell should
generate two crest till both parties of two nodes of wave with an opposite
direction of vectors electrical and magnetic field. Apparently, that thus the
energy of the leader should decrease twice. The new leader having twice smaller
energy prolongs forward motion, and the outsider is gone in the opposite
direction and already never will catch up the leader. Prolonging these
reasoning, we come to a conclusion, that the energy of an electromagnetic wave
should fast decrease in geometrical progression, therefore propagation of
electromagnetic oscillation in space is impossible.
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The wave of the Maxwell is a running transverse wave.
From a figure 11.5.1.1 it is visible, that in some points of space tension electrical
and the magnetic fields become simultaneously zero. It is possible only in the
event that space, in which one are diffused with speed of light of lateral
vibrations, has large electrical and magnetic «resiliency» i.e. it not a blank
space, and electromagnetic ather. Otherwise periodic disappearance electrical
and magnetic field and again their birth from nothing contradicts an energy
conservation law. To criticize the theory of ather it is senseless, since how
many supporters of existence of an ather, are so much also miscellaneous
athers.
Notions of new physics concerning «electromagnetic waves» length exceeds
which one 0.1 mms are reduced to following. At braking electric charges in the
antenna the stored energy as an antineutrino is beamed at positive halfcycle
and neutrino at negative halfcycle, which one have some impulse. As a whole,
for one oscillation period in the antenna in space the pair is beamed: the
neutrino - antineutrino for which one a direction of an electrical field is
opposite. In diagram form it is shown for the vertical antenna with length to
an equal half to length of a radiated wave on a figure 11.5.1.2a side-view and
figure 11.5.1.2b a plan view.
On a figure 11.5.1.2: 1 - antenna, 2 - surface of ground, 3 - line of a
zero direction of an electrical field, 4 – graph of a direction of an
electrical field in a neutrino (-) and antineutrino (+).
On a figure 11.5.1.3a and 11.5.1.3b the similar picture for horizontal
disposition of the antenna of the transmitter is figured.
The vector of an electrical field in a neutrino is side-by-side to
antenna and ground.
Thus, «electromagnetic radiation» is a Bremsstrahlung, to perpendicular
oscillations of electric charges in the antenna and represents following one
after another with speed of light neutrino and antineutrino a condition of an
electrical field with an opposite direction of this field. It is necessary apart lay
emphasis, that inside neutrino and antineutrino of areas of a field nothing
oscillates, the value of an electrical field from zero point up to its
amplitude value and again up to zero point varies only. The rate of propagation
neutrino of radiation is peer to rate of propagation of an electrical field in
antenna. As in free space the electrical field is diffused with indefinitely by
a high speed, in metal its rate of propagation is less:
(11.5.1.1),
where: 
- infinite speed in free space, 
-
indefinitely large value of inductivity of metal of the antenna. The ratio of
these infinite values gives, in this case, speed of light.
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As it is visible from a figure 11.5.1.2 neutrino radiation
very similar on radiation of sound waves in air, where the areas increased pressure are interleaved with areas of
underpressure of air. Therefore «electromagnetic radiation» represents
propagation not cross-sectional, and longitudinal waves. They are introduced us
cross-sectional that at interception of the antenna of the receiver in it there
are periodic oscillations with an opposite direction of a field for one
oscillation period. The supporters of shear waves argue for the stand by the
fact of polarization of these waves. However, it is possible to result two
counter-evidences. The direction of an electrical field in neutrino radiation
coincides with direction field in the antenna, it can be «vertical»,
«horizontal» and with any arbitrary angle to a horizontal. Besides allowing,
that in neutrino areas of radiation nothing oscillates, and neutrino
practically have not weight, i.e. by inertia, turn of a polarization plane
(conterminous with a plane of an electrical field in a neutrino) to execute very
easily by different paths. In remaining, the neutrino wave by nothing differs
on properties from other waves (diffraction, interference, reflection,
interception etc.). The sound wave is not polarized for the reason that the air
pressure is a scalar value, the electrical surge is polarized because the
electric field strength is a vector quantity. It is shown on a figure 11.5.1.4
as cross section of a radio wave.
The neutrino (one halfcycle of a wave), for example, for radio station
by power 1000 watt, beaming waves of length 1 km is interesting to count up
weight and energy one. For one second the wave will pass spacing interval,
numerically equal speeds of light 3×108 m. On this spacing
interval will lie 6×105 neutrinos. Thus, on one the
neutrino is necessary energy 1.7×10-3 joules or 1.7×104 ergs.
Weight a neutrino for this example 1.9×10-17 g. Here, as well
as in a microcosmos, the neutrino, having minor weight is capable to transport
large energy.
In
conclusion of this chapter is necessary to mark an interesting feature in
properties the neutrino. Having huge energy, neutrino are easily determined
experimentally, on the average range of energies the neutrino practically is
impossible to find out because of a unique penetrating power, at energy a
neutrino applicable to radio waves they become so large and have such large
amplitude, that the electrons in the antenna have time to follow change of an
electrical field flying by a neutrinos. Though the form of a photon and motion
it for radio waves sharply has changed, but the entity remained former.
Comments of the author to chapter 11.5.1: 1. The
ultrarays contradict notions of the Maxwell about «electromagnetic radiation».
In the basis of the theory of electromagnetic radiation the notion lies
that the variable electrical field causes in ambient space a variable magnetic
field, and that, in turn, causes originating a variable electrical field. On
these notions positive protons of ultrarays moved in space with huge speed owe
in each point near to the trajectory cause fast changes of an electrical field,
as they have electric charge and fast changes of a magnetic field, as these
electric charges move. However, electromagnetic radiation thus does not find
out. Nay, the electrons in ultrarays have the same electric charge, as well as
the positive protons and at an identical running speed create precisely same
magnetic field, therefore «electromagnetic radiation» from positive protons and
electrons should be identical, but it in general is not present. The analysis
of experimental data uniquely indicates that substantially there can be only
braking «electromagnetic radiation» at braking electric charges by that or
different way. And besides, the intensity of this radiation is proportional to
a square of negative acceleration of a charge (B.M. Javorsky, A.A. Detlaf. The
reference book on physics, М., 1964, page 529),
therefore under equal conditions negative acceleration of a positive proton,
approximately, in 2000 times is less than an electron, and the emission
intensity it will be, approximately, in 4 million time it is less. Therefore
beam, basically, electrons. These facts completely disclaim the theory of the
Maxwell.
11.5.1.1. Magnetons and
magnetonic radiation
As the author completely disclaims the theory of the Maxwell of
«electromagnetic radiation», it is necessary to bring some totals of chapter
11.5.1 and all chapters, where the problems of originating of photons and their
properties were by and large encompassed. The photon radiation presenting flows
of separate particles, consisting from a neutrino and antineutrino arises as a
Bremsstrahlung, bound with deboosting of an electron motion. As well as all
free bodies, photons moves on a right-handed or left-handed trajectory at the
expense of gravidynamic self-effect. That the «photon» radiation to make
continuous, is necessary on electrons of a conductor to impose a sinusoidally
varying electrical field. Thus in space will be beamed alternately neutrino and
antineutrino as waves, only not transversal, and longitudinal, similarly to
sound, and this problem has found the answer in chapter 11.5.1. Thus, neutrino
and antineutrino in a bound condition can exist as separate portions - photons
or as continuous radiation (of neutrino - antineutrino radiation,
NA-radiation).
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Whether only these forms deplete connection a neutrino
and antineutrino? I figure, that is not present. At sharp braking of electrons
NA-radiation is diffused in a perpendicular direction as a photon or as an
sign-variable electrical field, if the electrons are braked in the antenna. But
each electron also has also magnetic moment, since represents a frame with an
electric current. Earlier was shown, that for a mobile electron it is necessary
to distinguish two angular momentum and, accordingly, two magnetic moments. One
magnetic moment is connected to screw motion of an electron and is peer to a
magneton of the Bohr, and second is connected to an own magnetic moment of an
electron and in 137 times less. Is logical to presume, that at sharp braking of
an electron the «longitudinal» photons will be beamed, the difference which one
from «transversal» is shown on a figure 11.5.1.1.1.
On a figure 11.5.1.1.1 A the «transversal» (customary) photon is
shown. Opposite charged neutrino and antineutrino in it moves in one side,
therefore their magnetic moments are completely balanced. On a figure
11.5.1.1.1 B the «longitudinal» photon is shown, which one as against
«transversal» is more friend to name as a magneton, since it has a
uncompensated magnetic moment, directional on or against its motion. At motion
of a magneton mean spacing interval between a neutrino and the antineutrino in
it is significant less than in a photon, therefore polarization track in
environment brakes motion of a magneton (see chapter 23.2) less. As a
consequent, running speed of a magneton and its penetrating power considerably
increase. To provoke radiation of magnetons as a solid flow in which one
rotated in the counter sides a neutrino and antineutrino moves as a double
spiral, apparently, it is necessary to make so that the radiation started with
an axis of a coiled-rod unit.
The new kind of radiation is described by V.I. Korobeynikov in the
articles:
New kind of electromagnetic radiation?
( http://n-t.proc.ru/ac/ap.htm#K05
),
Magnet antennas for ultralong radio communication
( http://www.qrz.ru/schemes/contribute/antenns/eh/index.shtml
),
And N.A. Kisel: The ЕН antennas
( http://www.qrz.ru/schemes/contribute/antenns/eh/ua3aic.shtml
).
Though the authors assert, that investigate new a kind of radiation with
properties contradicting of the theory of the Maxwell, the orthodoxes (having a
natural allergy to all new) state, that the authors nothing understand in this
theory and disclaim their statements by the method tested by orthodoxes, - on
the basis of the same theory of the Maxwell, as anything another do not know. I
have not got used from a threshold to disclaim new knowledge. Only time who
will show, rights. Probably it is the next soap bubble, and probably and is not
present. I do not want then to tear the stayed hair on a head, if I pass by
possible great discovery.
11.5.2 Great
electromagnetic muddle
Gravitational and electrostatic field, despite of apparent analogy
between them remain «a white spot» on a map of modern science. It was possible
to the Einstein more or is less successful to enter a gravitation in the registry
of achievements of a modern physics. However long-term efforts to make same
concerning an electrical field were not crowned with success. Therefore
orthodox physics has gone by the tested way of substitution of concepts. As
soon as there is a necessity of a mention of an electrostatic field at once
attention of the reader is transferred to an electromagnetic field.
Essentially, the modern physics refuses electrostatic (and magnetic) a field in
independent existence, but only jointly in «electromagnetic field». The
interplay of electric charges, on notions of official physics, implements an
electromagnetic field. It means, that the electrostatic field, smeared-out in
space, is substituted by a flow of photons having simultaneously and wave
properties. The truth, these «photons» not present, and virtual, i.e. not
observed. The light beam on these notions should interact with electrostatic
and magnetic deflection yokes and instead of an electronic beam in kinescopes
more effective there would be photon beams. However effect of a light
deflection is not watched. Is received, that with electrostatic and magnetic
field the carriers of electricity can interact only. Finally to complicate the
reader, in connection with an electrical field the theory of the Maxwell is
indispensable mentioned on the ground that fixed charges does not exist,
and driving will forms an electromagnetic field. In the theory of the Maxwell
the photons are not mentioned at all, therefore it is time to official physics,
at last to clarify itself, lies either Maxwell or quantum theory of a field. As
assert orthodoxes, the
(11.5.2.1).
The rest-mass of a photon is peer to zero point only and not because,
that the fixed photon has not mass, and because, that when we attempt it to
make fixed, it will vanish. In second, in formula of a
(11.5.2.2)
also enters in term of fraction a particle mass 
, therefore reasoning of orthodoxes are erratic. In
third, on orthodox definition of virtual particles they are born and here
perish to not demonstrate a violation of law of preservation of energy.
Therefore to transport interplay on large spacing interval in any way can not.
If the virtual particles also could transport interplay on some spacing
interval, it is easy to fix outcome of this interplay and this outcome, by
remaining in a system, instead of by vanishing together with virtual particles,
again will demonstrate a violation of law of preservation of energy.
Identification of particle fluxes (let and virtual) with the field
presenting a substance, spread in space, not correct. Therefore orthodoxes
should separately demonstrate, that, for example, gravitational and the
electrostatic field is diffused with speed of light. In chapter 11.2.1 is
shown, that if the gravitational field is diffused with speed of light, within
day the acceleration of gravity should change on 0.398 cm/sec2 when
on sunset we catch up with it, and on dawn we escape from it with speed of 30
kms/sec. The modern equipment allows to meter acceleration of gravity with
relative error 10-7-10-9 (Physical encyclopedia under
edition A.M. Prohorov, M., 1988, v.1, page 520). Therefore lower boundary of
propagation rate of a gravitational field in 108 times exceeds speed
of light. It is doubtless, that the great electromagnetic muddle has taken
place from repeated attempts «to eliminate difficulties» the theories. As a
result of similar efforts it is necessary early or late to throw out on a waste
tip of a history all agglomerates of orthodoxes concerning theories of fields
and interplays.
11.5.3. Electrodynamic paradox
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If two like electrical charges rests rather each
other, they interact on a Coulomb's law and are repulsed. If these charges will
begin to move in one direction, it is an electric current of two conductors and
they should be attracted to each other because of magnetic interplay. The
paradox even more is sunk and is doubled by that these two charges
already move in space together with the Earth, Sun etc. At the same time the
experiment demonstrates absence of a magnetic field of superincumbent charges.
Within the framework of a modern physics the indicated paradox has not
reasonable explanation, that indicates unsufficiency of a modern
electrodynamics.
New physics easily decides the indicated problem, attracting notion
about motion of any free bodies on a screw line. Thus the driving charge is
possible to present as the solenoid a magnetic field which one is directed
along trajectory of motion, as shown in a figure 11.5.3.1 for positive charges.
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The direction of an arising magnetic field depends on
right-handed or left-handed motion. Thus the «right» and «left» charges will be
attracted, and both «right» or both «left» - to be repulsed.
In bundle of charged particles, for example, in the electron-beam tube
quantity of the «right» and «left» electrons is approximately identical,
therefore their magnetic fields will forms a picture shown arrows on a figure
11.5.3.2. From this figure it is visible, that the bundle is not dispersed in
space because of mutual attraction of components compensatory their repulsing.
At transportation motion together with the Earth fixed rather each other
charges have not independent motion on a screw line, therefore magnetic fields
will not forms. Thus, the double electrodynamic paradox is successfully
resolved.
11.5.4. How to capture
an electron into atomic orbit
The subject of this chapter has appeared as a result of speculations
about experimental endorsements of new physics, the professor Sergey V.
Kosianenko from the Petersburg
nuclear physics institute for what I to him has sincerely grateful.
On notions of official physics the electron-capture into atomic orbit of
any ion is impossible on those to the reasons, which one are indicated
for capture of space bodies (see chapter 21). Therefore official physics does
not understand reasons of formation not only neutral atoms, but also any ions.
Following the logic of orthodoxes the atom for miscellaneous reasons is capable
to lose any electron, but to gain it back any more can not, therefore space
should represent a mixture of naked nuclei and mobile electrons, that actually
does not take place.
This chapter describes the mechanism of energy loss by an electron in a
field of a positive charge up to zero value, then the electron-capture on a
parabolic trajectory of atom realizes without problems with the subsequent
quantum transition in a ground state (see chapter 13).
The potential energy of an electron in electrostatic field Ze in
a system CGSE is peer:
(11.5.4.1),
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it is also universal potential energy of repulsing.
Apparently, that before capture this energy should accept zero value. For «dip»
of an electron on a positive proton with an end position on orbit of the Bohr
(11.5.4.1) gives 27.2 eV. Therefore, before capture the electron should lose on
radiation energy 13.6 eV, then its energy before capture will become zero, and
after capture and transition in a ground state the electron will lose 13.6 eV.
On this example it is possible to formulate a general principle of formation of
atoms: the electron from «perpetuity», gaining energy at the expense of
attraction to an ion (or positive proton, or to a «naked» nucleus of
atom) loses equally as much on radiation in an ionization continuum and before
capture has a zero-point energy. Further it will lose still energy applicable
to the given potential of ionization to form a steady ion or neutral atom.
What mechanism of this energy loss can be found out on a model system
figured on a figure 11.5.4.1 and to confirm experimentally on the similar
plant.
Let's presume, that we have constructed electrostatic model of atom of
Hydrogenium shown on a figure 11.5.4.1.
On a
figure 11.5.4.1: 1 - electron beam, 2 - central positive electrode, 3 - outside
negatively charged cylindrical ring, 4 - fixed orbit, if was not of energy
losses on radiation.
The actual trajectory of electrons will correspond to a solid helical
line because of energy losses on radiation. These losses are not connected in
any way to notions of orthodox physics about radiation of a particle driving
under operating of «centripetal acceleration». They are connected that on the
shown trajectory the electrons moves on a screw line and consequently beam at
the expense of a Bremsstrahlung, is similar to synchrotron emission (chapter
11.5) with some features. If in model to start an electron beam dispossessed of
an angular momentum («superconducting»,
«cold»), our model will become in accuracy adequate to atom of Hydrogenium and
the electrons will take fixed orbit indicated by a dotted line and at it
anything to beam will not be.
For a «cold» electron on fixed orbit the attractive force to a central
electrode is peer to centrifugal force of repulsing:
(11.5.4.2),
where q - charge of an electrode. From (11.5.4.2):
(11.5.4.3),
where: r - radius of fixed orbit.
On a figure 11.5.4.2 the trajectory of an electron on orbit as from above
is shown. In the upper half-turn of a screw trajectory component the attractive
force to a positive electrode are given to an electron with positive
acceleration - radiation is not present. In the lower half-turn same component
gives to an electron negative acceleration and there is a Bremsstrahlung
because of which one an electron loses energy.
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Allowing equal translational and tangential velocity on
a screw trajectory the braking force will be peer:
(11.5.4.4).
This force will provokes negative acceleration:
(11.5.4.5).
The intensity of a Bremsstrahlung of an electron in a Gaussian system is
determined by the formula (B.M. Yavorsky, A.A. Detlaf. The reference book on
physics.
(11.5.4.6),
where: c - speed of light. By substituting (11.5.4.4) in
(11.5.4.5), we shall discover:
(11.5.4.7),
whence it is possible to draw a conclusion, that the emission power very
much sharply is augmented in process of nearing an electron to positive
electrode, and for a massive particle (for example, positive proton) it would
be in 3.4 million time less.
Investigating a spectrum of continuous radiation on the shown model
system at miscellaneous values of an electrostatic field between electrodes and
comparing it with an ionization continuum of miscellaneous areas of space, we
could identify ions of any atoms and their concentration. In earth conditions
is much more lighter to conduct the similar analysis on radiation of matter in
an ionized condition.
The interesting feature of the shown apparatus is, that is possible to
study radiation of a separate electron. This radiation consists of separate
photons on each half-turn of a screw trajectory and to this tag it is possible
experimentally to confirm the set up theory of «electrostatic» radiation and at
the same time motion of microparticles on a screw line.
Comments
of the author to chapter 11.5.4.
1. Paradox of an electron.
In the formula (11.5.4.6) mathematical and physical sense have appeared
in an irresolvable inconsistency. When the operational force is directed
against motion, the acceleration negatively and arises a Bremsstrahlung. But
the negative sign of acceleration is in this case incompatible to the
formula, as she contains a square of acceleration. Would be reasonable in
numerator of the formula to give product of acceleration, as a scalar value, on
acceleration, as a vector quantity, and in a right member of the formula to put
the sign a minus. Then at negative acceleration the emission intensity would
become positive, and at positive acceleration an emission intensity take on
board negative value, that means absorption of energy from environment and
antiradiation condition. That the orthodoxes have not raised yowl in this
causing, it is better to keep everything, "as is", but to mean, that
the Bremsstrahlung is possible only. If we attempt in a linac to drive away an
electron, that, looking back on orthodox notions (radiation at positive
acceleration of a charge), for us nothing will be received, since the received
energy here is spent for radiation. A question on a filling: what sign has
«centripetal» acceleration? The answer: neither positive, nor negative value it
has not, it has the funeral sign of orthodox gamble around of orbital motion of
electrons.
11.5.5. Paradox of the Maxwell
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Under the theory of the Maxwell in a node of an electromagnetic wave of
tension electrical and the magnetic fields simultaneously receive zero values. That
the oscillations were prolonged, any elastic medium («ether») is necessary,
which one in this moment discharges the stress. Differently we contradict an
energy conservation law, in a node of an electromagnetic wave it without
leaving a trace fades and newly arises from anything. On a figure 11.5.5.1 this
situation is shown.
Digit 1
indicates change of an electric field tensity (change of magnetic density same
in a perpendicular direction), digit 2 shown a stress of «ether» (if it
existed). At a zero electric field tensity the elastic stress of «ether» is
maximum and on the contrary. The propagation of any wave is a series
entrainment in process of material particles of space. If the particles
participating in wave process do not interact with each other, they can not
provoke the neighbours to share in a wave propagation, and if these particles
among themselves interact, fast will lose energy on internal friction and the
wave propagation on large spacing interval will become impossible. The
experimental data confirm transfer of electromagnetic waves on space spacing
intervals, therefore, disclaim presence of any oscillations in an
electromagnetic wave.
The second party of a paradox of the Maxwell is, that we easily allocate
in uncountable electromagnetic waves the radio station, necessary to us.
However under the theory of the Maxwell any change of an electrical field in
the given point of space causes change of a magnetic field and on the contrary.
As in the given point of space huge quantity electrical and magnetic fields
changes, their change under the theory of the Maxwell should cause certain
general electrical or magnetic field the parents which one in an equal measure
are all fields, therefore signals of radio stations should irreversibly be
blended and radio communication will become impossible.
In new physics the paradox of the Maxwell does not arise. That by itself
«electromagnetic wave» introduces is particularized in chapter 11.5.1.
11.6. Condition of
disappearance of wave properties of microparticles
Official physics considers wave-corpuscle properties of particles as
organically bound and nonseparable from each other (wave-corpuscle dualism).
New physics adheres to other opinion on that score. At translational motion of
microparticles their «wave» properties are connected to a screw trajectory, and
the corpuscular properties are connected that is move all the same the
particle, instead of wave. Thus, if a particle «to stop» (to esteem in a bound
condition), the screw trajectory fades, and with it the wave properties of a
microparticle fade. The trajectory becomes a circular orbit, on which one the
bound particle any more not possessing wave properties is gone. Examples of
disappearance of wave properties of microparticles we can watch for customary
atoms and mesonic atoms.
Here orthodoxes will apply the favourite and error opposition: «It is
known, that the electric charge, driving on a circumference, beams
electromagnetic waves and continuously loses energy, therefore stable motion it
on a circular orbit is impossible». Therefore we shall disassemble this problem
more in detail.
1. On official notions of electrons in atom have orbital motion (for
example, spin-orbit interaction), therefore orthodoxes contradict themselves.
2. Though special experiments did not conduct to show, that the electric
charge, driving on a circumference, does not beam electromagnetic waves, the
Nature itself has put such experiments. Atoms, in which one the electrons take
definite orbits in a ground state, do not beam. The electrons, as well as other
charged microparticles, have an own angular momentum (spin), i.e. rotary motion
and too do not beam.
3. In chapter 11.5 is convincingly shown, that a reason of synchrotron
emission is the motion of microparticles on a screw line under condition of
operating on them of an external force having component, perpendicular current
of traffic. Thus on one half-turn there is a braking and electromagnetic
radiation, and on the other half-turn - acceleration and antiradiation condition.
Simultaneously, the originating of synchrotron emission demonstrates not
radiation of electric charge driving on a circular orbit, and motion of
particles on a screw line together with motion on synchrotron orbit.
4. The charged particle beams at motion not only in a synchrotron, but
also at operating force of any genesis varying its trajectory, for example,
electrostatic at motion near to an ion. The main condition thus is motion of
the particle on a screw line.
Thus, in new physics it was possible to agree an antiradiation condition
at motion of a charged particle on stationary orbit in atoms and originating of
radiation at a baffling of an axis of a screw trajectory of a «free» particle.
This chapter has arise of a broad controversy about a problem of energy
of particles with the professor, doctor of the
In the physical encyclopedia under redaction of the A.M. Prohorov, Мoscow, 1988, page 360 is written:
«At speeds close to speed of light kinetic energy of a mass point:
(11.6.1.1).
At low speeds (11.6.1.1) gives:
(11.6.1.2)».
The formula (11.6.1.2) is received from (11.6.1.1) at v<<c.
(11.6.1.1) decompose in a Taylor series «on small parameter», then chop off a
head of this infinite series, limiting by a couple of the first terms and
further attempt to find physical sense in it stump. «Small-parameter expansion»
- one of favourite methods of official physics for achievement of an object in
view, instead of for finding out of physical sense of mathematical
manipulations. Apparently, that at v<<c the denominator in (11.6.1.1)
will become to equal unit, and energy of particles to equal zero point.
Therefore both formulas will give identical outcome only at v=0, further they
essentially miss, that it is possible to show by a numerical solution of these
equations.
The physical sense (11.6.1.1) is vague. Energy of bodies is customary
piled from potential (internal in this case) and kinetic energy. The first term
of this formula at v=0 is given a rest energy of a particle, i.e. internal
potential energy it, and where kinetic energy and their sum with potential?
Them are not present. Why instead of the sum the potential energy of a particle
is multiplied on a dimensionless factor (factor of the Lorentz), dependent from
forward speed of a particle, too is vague. How the speed of a particle
influences its potential energy is not explained. What for in the formula at
first to enter a rest energy, and then to take away this energy? The main
paradox is, that on a relativity theory the speed of a body is relative, and
the speed of light is absolute, therefore relativistic increase of mass (from
which one depends energy of a particle) also is relative, that contradicts the
fact of an absolute value of mass of bodies not dependent from a reference
system. Therefore it is necessary to consider speed in (11.6.1.1) also
absolute, but it contradicts a relativity theory.
Notions of new physics about energy of particles are set up below.
Not relativistic case (v<0.707c).
In this case tangential velocity of a particle on orbits of a screw
trajectory is peer to forward speed. But the circular motion to perpendicular
translational motion cannot be connected to kinetic energy of a particle. It is
potential energy of universal repulsing, as shown in chapter 1. It numerically
is peer mv2/2, where v - the forward speed of a
particle (tangential velocity now cannot be metered). Thus, total energy of a
particle in a considered case:
(11.6.1.3),
where the first term - potential energy of a particle, bound with
tangential motion, and second - its kinetic energy, bound with translational
motion. The speeds of translational of microparticles are those, that the
relativistic increase of their mass is noticeable pursuant to the formula:
(11.6.1.4).
This formula is obtained within the framework of new physics in chapter
5.2 completely irrespective of notions of official physics and relativity
theory.
By substituting (11.6.1.4) in (11.6.1.3) we shall discover for a not
relativistic case:
(11.6.1.5),
where v - forward speed of a particle.
Transition area (0.707c<v<0.866c).
The behavior of a particle in this area is give a detailed account in
chapter 5.2. Together with increase of forward speed the potential energy of
universal repulsing is augmented and this energy is augmented faster than
kinetic energy of a particle. At speed v=0.866c it numerically is peer:
(11.6.1.6),
i.e. in a plane, perpendicular translational motion, the particle is
gone with speed of light, the same as components of elementary particles (see
applicable chapters). In transition area the particle mass is augmented from
1.41m0 up to 2m0.
Relativistic case (v>0.866c).
In this case potential energy of a particle will be determined by the formula
(11.6.1.6), and kinetic energy, as in the formula (11.6.1.3), then general
energy in this area:
(11.6.1.7).
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On a figure 11.6.1.1 the relation of energy of
particles (in units of m0c2) from forward speed of
their motion (in units of speed of light) under the official formula (11.6.1.1)
- curve 1, under the formula (11.6.1.5) - curve 2 and under the
formula (11.6.1.7) - curve 3 is shown. Between vertical red lines the
transition area is shown. In it the curves 2 and 3 are paired by a dotted line,
as the precise course of a curve in this area is obscure. The green horizontal
line corresponds to energy of positive protons 1 GeV, the red horizontal line
corresponds to energy of electrons 1 MeV, and the cyan horizontal line
corresponds to energy of electrons 0.25 MeV. Thus, separately determining speed
of a particle and its energy, it is easy to define experimentally, what
formulas are false: official or new physics. The charts of this figure are
valid for any particles.
Comments of the author to chapter 11.6.1.
1. What hide orthodoxes for «by disintegrating on
small parameter»?
Looking on a
figure 11.6.1.1 credulous reader can think, that official physics in something
of the right and the curves 1 and 2 really coincide at low speeds. But it is an
optical fraud. They coincide only in a zero point. That in it to be convinced,
augment an indefinitely scale of axes and never achieved of concurrence in any
point, except for zero. Through the same point pass countless functions, what
only are possible to itself for presenting, for example, (v/c)^n, sin(v/c) etc.
but the orthodoxes about it dissembles. What for they makes it? I many times
caught of orthodoxes on transformations, physical sense which one they do not
understand, but it is impossible to believe, that they do not understand also
mathematical sense of the transformations. Therefore fraud is made designedly
and its purpose is obvious: it is necessary at any friend case to show, that
classic physics by and large bad and gives exact outcome only in some limiting
cases. Now we were convinced, that a bad quantum physics. It can not receive
even the elementary formula of kinetic energy uniformly and rectilinearly
driving body.
11.7. Brief review of
alternatives
It is possible to judge crisis of modern fundamental physics under the
numerous alternate theories appeared in last decades, as in official
fundamental physics already anything new does not occur except for mathematical
manipulations behind which one the physical sense is not viewed. Therefore here
I shall not give the links to the particular writers of alternatives, since it
is too much them.
1. Many writers true criticize official notions about Big Bang arisen on
not clear reasons from «singularity», i.e. from a point (from anything) in
which one was not neither time, nor space. It is necessary to rush in other
extreme and to receive the Universe infinite in time and space. But how then to
be with presence in it of radioelements? Where to put the law of world-wide
attraction? What to do with a photometric and gravitational paradox? Thus, the
waiving of Big Bang originates much more problems, than was in the beginning.
New physics easily resolves this problem. The Universe eternally pulses: a
collapse – Big Bang always remaining finite in space, but infinite in time. Any
singularity is not present. At final stage of a collapse (under operation of
law of world-wide attraction) the Universe collects in a sphere a diameter to
approximately equal diameter of Mars orbit with nuclear density. Large density
it is impossible to achieve, since in neutron matter with inevitability the
supernucleus will be formed, and the forces of a coulomb repulsion on many
orders exceed gravitational, therefore new Big Bang is inevitable.
2. Official physics tenders the exchange mechanism of interplays:
gravitational - exchange of gravitons, electromagnetic - exchange of photons
(virtual) etc. To each elementary particle there corresponds the interplay. The
mechanism of an exchange interaction official physics does not uncover,
therefore, nothing explains. Naturally, that such situation does not suit the
independent explorers and they attempt to understand reasons even though
gravitational interaction. In this connection the idea of the «pushing gravity»
was born. Consider, that the Universe is filled by huge number of extremely
small fragments chaotically driving with huge speeds and almost freely piercing
through any bodies. «Almost» - because, that a small part of the energy they
transmit to a body, through which one penetrates. Therefore between two bodies
there is «shadow» in which one fragments is more weaker act on bodies. In
outcome both bodies are pushing to each other. In this old again reanimated
idea there are, at any rate, three defects. A). The force of a universal
gravitation does not depend on the area of a mirror of oriented towards bodies,
but only from their mass. B). From Pluto the Sun seems by a bright starlet, and
from the Sun Pluto is seen only in a powerful telescope. Somebody can draw
«shadow» between them? C). If in «shadow» between two bodies to place the third
body is closer to one of them, under the law of world-wide attraction it will
begin to move to the proximate body. On notions of the supporters «pushing gravity»
at the left and on the right on the third body the completely identical flows
of microparticles act, therefore it is not attracted anywhere. The notions of
new physics about interplay of a field carriers are presented in chapter
11.2.2.
3. Who does not like the theory of Big Bang in presentation of official physics, those are under the necessity to explain red displacement of the distant space objects not by Doppler effect, and other reasons. So the idea of the «tired» photons was born. The photons, at long-lived travel in vastness of the Universe interact with different fragments, which one spacefill in it and step-by-step spend the energy, augmenting a wavelength. On this idea official physics has severe opposition. The experiments demonstrate, that the red displacement does not depend on a wavelength of radiation. Such property has only Doppler effect. At any interplays the photons with the greater energy lose it more fast, than photons with low energy, therefore in miscellaneous portions of the spectrum «red displacement» should be miscellaneous, that contradicts observations. The solution of this problem is given in chapter 29.4.2.